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BONES OF LOWER EXTREMITY

BONES OF LOWER EXTREMITY. Pelvis. The pelvis is composed of three bones: Ilium Ischium Pubis. Pelvis: Lateral Surface. Acetabular fossa: For articulation with head of femur. Lunate surface. Acetabular notch. Acetabular labrum: Fibrocartilage rim around edge of acetabulum.

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BONES OF LOWER EXTREMITY

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  1. BONES OF LOWER EXTREMITY

  2. Pelvis • The pelvis is composed of three bones: Ilium Ischium Pubis

  3. Pelvis: Lateral Surface • Acetabular fossa: For articulation with head of femur. Lunate surface. • Acetabular notch. • Acetabular labrum: Fibrocartilage rim around edge of acetabulum.

  4. Pelvis: Lateral Surface • Obturator foramen: Covered by membrane. Passage for obturator nerve and vessels.

  5. Pelvis: Lateral Surface • Ischial ramus. • Pubic rami: Superior. Inferior. • Pubic tubercle: Attachment for inguinal ligament.

  6. Pelvis: Anterior Edge • Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Attachment of inguinal ligament. Proximal attachment for: Sartorius muscle. • Figure 3.3.

  7. Pelvis: Anterior Edge • Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS): Proximal attachment for: Straight head of rectus femoris.

  8. Pelvis: Posterior Edge • Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). • Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS). • Greater sciatic notch: Converted into superior and inferior parts by piriformis muscle.

  9. Pelvis: Posterior Edge • Lesser sciatic notch. • Ischial spine. • Ischial tuberosity.

  10. Pelvis: Posterior Ligaments • Posterior sacrospinous ligaments. • Sacrotuberous ligaments. • Sacrospinous ligaments. • Figure 3.3.

  11. Pelvis: Medial Surface • Iliac fossa: Attachment surface for iliacus muscle. • Arcuate line. • Auricular surface: Articulates with auricular surface of sacrum. • Pubic symphysis.

  12. Sacrum • Consists of 5 fused vertebrae. • Wing-like processes of each vertebra = alae: For attachment to ilium. • Lip of body of first sacral vertebra = sacral promontory.

  13. Sacrum • Posterior crests (Fig. 4.5): Median crest: Fused spinous processes. Intermediate crests: Fused articular (zygopophyseal) processes. Lateral crests: Fused transverse processes. • Sacral hiatus.

  14. Lateral Pelvic Attachments

  15. Medial Pelvic Attachments

  16. Femur: Proximal Anterior • Head. • Neck. • Greater trochanter. • Lesser trochanter. • Intertrochanteric line: Low ridge connecting two trochanters.

  17. Proximal Femur

  18. Femur: Proximal Posterior • Head. • Neck. • Greater trochanter. • Lesser trochanter: Projects backwards and medially.

  19. Femur: Proximal Posterior • Intertrochanteric ridge: High ridge connecting two trochanters. Has quadrate tubercle: Partial site of attachment for quadratus femoris muscle.

  20. Proximal Femur

  21. Femur: Distal Anterior • Medial and lateral condyles. • Medial and lateral epicondyles. • Patellar surface: Smooth, crescent surface between condyles. • Adductor tubercle: Small bump on medial epicondyle. Site of partial attachment of adductor magnus.

  22. Femur: Distal Posterior • Medial and lateral condyles. • Medial and lateral epicondyles. • Popliteal surface: Smooth, triangular surface superior to condyles. • Intercondylar fossa: Forms part of posterior boundary of popliteal fossa.

  23. Distal Femur

  24. Femur: Posterior Surface • Linea aspera Lateral boundary: Is a continuation of: Gluteal tuberosity. Inferiorly becomes: Lateral supracondylar line. Medial boundary: Is a continuation of: Pectineal line. Inferiorly becomes: Medial supracondylar line.

  25. Tibia: Anterior Proximal • Medial and lateral condyles. • Tuberosity. • Tubercles of intercondylar eminence.

  26. Tibia: Posterior Proximal • Medial and lateral condyles. • Tubercles of intercondylar eminence. • Articular facet for fibula: On inferior surface of lateral condyle. Soleal line: Shallow, rough ridge curving down from lateral condyle.

  27. Tibia: Distal • Anterior distal surface: Medial malleolus. • Lateral distal surface: Fibular notch.

  28. Fibula • Lies lateral to tibia. • Function: Involved in ankle joint. Muscle attachment. • Proximal end: Head. Apex (styloid process). Articular surface (facet) for lateral condyle of tibia.

  29. Fibula • Distal end: Lateral malleolus: With articular surface for talus. • Note: Both tibia and fibula have interosseous borders: Face each other when the two bones are articulated. Site of attachment of interosseous membrane.

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