International Trade Comparative and Absolute Advantage

1. International Trade Comparative and Absolute Advantage

2. International Trade International trade - voluntary exchange of goods and services between people of different nations

3. International Trade • Trade helps a nation move beyond their Production Possibility Curve or Frontier Guns F A B C Butter

4. 3 Ways to Move Beyond PPF 1. Additional Resources 2. New Technology 3. International Trade

5. Brenda bakes 9 cakes a day OR mows 3 lawns Billy bakes 10 cakes a day OR mows 5 lawns • Absolute Advantage: • The ability to produce more of a given product with given resources than another country. • Who has the absolute advantage in cake production? • Who has the absolute advantage in lawn mowing production?

6. Billy bakes 10 cakes a day OR mows 5 lawns Brenda bakes 9 cakes a day OR mows 3 lawns • Absolute Advantage: • The ability to produce more of a given product with given resources than another country. • Who has the absolute advantage in cake production? Billy - 10 is more than 9 • Who has the absolute advantage in lawn mowing production? Billy - 5 is more than 3

7. Billy bakes 10 cakes a day OR mows 5 lawns Brenda bakes 9 cakes a day OR mows 3 lawns

8. Billy bakes 10 cakes a day OR mows 5 lawns Brenda bakes 9 cakes a day OR mows 3 lawns COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE According to David Ricardo, whoever can make a product at the lowest opportunity cost should produce it. To determine who has the lower opportunity cost we need to get our ratio to show for every one item produced what will be given up or what could have been produced using those resources.

9. Billy bakes 10 cakes a day OR mows 5 lawns CakesLawnsOpportunity Cost 10 5 10÷5 5÷5 2 1 To produce 1 lawn, it costs 2 cakes 2÷2 1÷2 1 1/2 To produce 1 cake, the opportunity cost is 1/2 a lawn

10. Brenda bakes 9 cakes a day OR mows 3 lawns Cakes Lawns 9 3 9÷3 3÷3 3 1 To produce 1 lawn it costs 3 cakes 3÷3 1÷3 1 1/3 To produce 1 cake it costs 1/3 lawn

11. Billy CakesLawns 10 5 2 1 1 1/2 Brenda CakesLawns 9 3 3 1 1 1/3 Who has the comparative advantage in cake production? Who has the comparative advantage in lawn production?

12. Billy CakesLawns 10 5 2 1 1 1/2 Brenda CakesLawns 9 3 3 1 1 1/3 Who has the comparative advantage in cakeproduction? Brenda because 1/3 is less than 1/2 Who has the comparative advantage in lawn production? Billy because 2 is less than 3

13. Billy CakesLawns 10 5 2 1 1 1/2 Brenda CakesLawns 9 3 3 1 1 1/3 Terms of trade, or trading range 1 lawn mowing for 2-3 cakes If trade takes place in this range it will be beneficial to both parties.

14. Advantages of trade based on comparative advantage: 1. All countries benefit - obtain more goods than if they produced everything on their own 2. Interdependence between countries is greater, countries no longer produce everything themselves 3. Standard of living increases for all

15. PPF for Billy CAKES LAWNS When Billy makes 1 more cake, he gives up 1/2 lawn.

16. PPF for Billy CAKES LAWNS When Billy mows 1 more lawn, he gives up 2 cakes.

17. PPF for Brenda CAKES LAWNS When Brenda bakes 1 more cake, she gives up 1/3 lawn.

18. PPF for Brenda CAKES LAWNS When Brenda mows 1 more lawn, she gives up 3 cakes.

19. International Trade Is based on Comparative advantage; countries specialize in what they can produce more cheaply Specialization leads to Economic efficiency leads to Less Self Sufficiency leads to Economic Interdependence Specialization allows more efficient use of our scarce resources.