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Literature Review

Literature Review. By: NIK ALOESNITA BT NIK MOHD ALWI (PhD.) Center for Modern Languages & Human Sciences Universiti Malaysia Pahang. Presentation Outline: What “Literature Review” is and its importance. Selecting resources and materials. Reading for literature review.

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Literature Review

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  1. Literature Review By: NIK ALOESNITA BT NIK MOHD ALWI (PhD.) Center for Modern Languages & Human Sciences Universiti Malaysia Pahang

  2. Presentation Outline: • What “Literature Review” is and its importance. • Selecting resources and materials. • Reading for literature review. • Putting your reading into writing.

  3. ACTIVITY 1 What is “Literature Review” in your understanding? Take 3-5 minutes to discuss with the person next to you and present to the audience.

  4. WHAT LITERATURE REVIEW IS • Literature review is an evaluative description of the previous research and NOT merely a list of sources and/or a summary of previous research. • The gaps that exist in the research area. • - Clarifying the relationship between the current study and the existing research • in the field.

  5. ITS IMPORTANCE • Readers can identify… • - the similarities and differences • - consistencies and inconsistencies • - how these issues relate to the research topic • Demonstrates understanding of… • - the techniques or issues of the chosen topic • - the advantages and disadvantages of certain techniques or mechanisms

  6. SELECTING SOURCES • Identify the sources of your information. • Sources from which you may find the information that you need. • Books • Journals • Proceedings / Conference papers • Newspapers • Other forms of information resources

  7. ACTIVITY 2 Identify the sources for each reference.

  8. READING FOR LITERATURE REVIEW • 1. How current the informationis. • 2. The resources: Authority, credentials, reliability, expertise • 3. Types of information: Relation to research area, new inventions • 4. Amount of information • Objectives/ Research Question/ Hypothesis • Methodology used in that particular study • Findings/ results • Discussion • Recommendations by the authors/ researchers • Citations from others that the authors/ researchers used

  9. ACTIVITY 3 • Based on the review of the literature, identify the following: • Objectives/ Research Question/ Hypothesis • Methodology used in that particular study • Findings/ results • Discussion • Recommendations by the authors/ researchers • Citations from others that the authors/ researchers used

  10. PUTTING READING INTO WRITING A. Summarize B. Synthesize [“Synthesis” means to combine separate elements to form a whole by means of comparing & contrasting, paraphrasing (change sentence structure= passive-active-passive), using own structures & vocabularies] C. Analyze = Compose the writing: Present A, B, C then relate to your current study (appropriate referencing)

  11. A grid of common points • A common strategy before putting reading into writing literature review is to create a “grid of common points.” • A grid of common points : • - A heuristic that allows a writer to group source material into specific categories. • These categories can help the writer organize the paper.

  12. Steps to create the grid 1. As you read your source material, take note of words or ideas that repeat themselves. 2. As you read your source material, also make note of conflicts or contradictions in the information. 3. Based on the repetitions and contradictions you notice, write down the main research question that the source material answers. A good research question should be open-ended. 4. Make a list of the key ways the research answers the question. Make sure your answers account for both the contradictions and repetitions you discovered. Turn these answers into “categories.” 5. Create a grid using authors’ names and categories as organizing features. 6. Fill in the grid with details from source material.

  13. Example (refer to the note)

  14. COMPOSING THE WRITING http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Criollo-LitReview.html Structure to compose the writing A concept is introduced / A point is made (topic sentence) + It is supported with references or previous research results + More support is added + If there is information refuting (contradicting) the point made, it is added + More negative evidence is added, if there is + The different points of view are compared and contrasted + A conclusion (restating the topic sentence) is drawn

  15. ACTIVITY 4 Identify the structure presented in the previous slide (composing the writing) in the review of the literature.

  16. WRAP UP • What “Literature Review” is and its importance. • Selecting resources and materials. • Reading for literature review. • Putting your reading into writing.

  17. THANK YOU

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