Evolution of Health Science through History

1. Introduction to Health Science

2. Primitive Times Illness caused by supernatural spirits and demons Tribal witch doctors performed ceremonies to drive out evil spirits Herbs and plants used as medicine

3. Ancient Egyptians • Earliest people to keep health records • Identified diseases • Used medicine to heal disease • Splinted fractures • Used bloodletting

4. Ancient Chinese • First to use acupuncture therapies • Treated disease with stone tools

5. Ancient Greeks • Studied causes of disease • Hippocrates • The “Father of Medicine” • Hippocratic Oath • “Code of Ethics” • Aristotle • Dissected animals

6. Ancient Romans • First to organize medical care • Early hospitals in homes • Developed sanitation system • Claudius Galen (129-199 AD): • Dissection is key to understanding body • Could only dissect animals • Used pulse as a diagnostic tool

7. Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD) • Study of medicine stopped for over 1000 years • Medicine practiced in monasteries and convents

8. Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD) • Used herbal medicine

9. Plagues and Epidemics during the dark ages • Bubonic Plague

10. Even today the plague is still remembered... • “Ring around the rosies, • Pocket full of posies, • Ashes, Ashes, we all fall down!”

11. The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD) • Rebirth of Science • Medical schools • Study of the body by dissection

12. The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD) • Leonardo da Vinci • Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body

13. The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD) • The invention of the Printing Press made books available to study. Monks copying books in a Monastery prior to the Renaissance

14. 16th and 17th Century • William Harvey • Pumping heart and circulation

15. 16th and 17th Century • Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Invented the microscope

16. 18th Century • Benjamin Franklin • Invented bifocals because he had trouble seeing • Electricity • Many more inventions

17. 18th Century • Edward Jenner • Vaccination for smallpox

18. 19th Century • Ignas Semmelweiss • Cause of childhood fever • Instituted hand washing • Died from a cut he received during an autopsy

19. 19th Century • Rene Laennec • Invented the stethoscope

20. 19th Century • Florence Nightingale • First school of nursing • Started during the Crimean War • Made nursing an honorable profession

21. 19th Century • Clara Barton • Established the American Red Cross

22. 19th Century • Louis Pasteur • Microorganisms cause disease

23. 19th Century • Joseph Lister • The first doctor to use antiseptic during an operation to prevent infection

24. 19th Century • Robert Koch • The “Father of Microbiology”

25. 19th Century • Wilhelm Roentgen • Discovered x-rays

26. 20th Century • Sigmund Freud • His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry

27. 20th Century • Alexander Fleming • Discovered Penicillin

28. 20th Century • Jonas Salk • Discovered a “killed” polio virus vaccine

29. 20th Century • Albert Sabin • Used a “live” polio vaccine

30. 21st Century New approaches to medical care are being discovered every year People are taught more about wellness, and learn more about health care

31. The Medical Profession helps those you love!