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Community Airborne Platform Remote-sensing Suite (CAPRIS)

Community Airborne Platform Remote-sensing Suite (CAPRIS). 5 th International Conference on Mesoscale Meteorology and Typhoon. Jim Moore, Wen Chow Lee, Eric Low, Vivek Shane Mayor, Scott Spuler. Boulder, CO 2 November 2006. Community Airborne Platform Remote-sensing Suite (CAPRIS).

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Community Airborne Platform Remote-sensing Suite (CAPRIS)

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  1. Community Airborne Platform Remote-sensing Suite (CAPRIS) 5th International Conference on Mesoscale Meteorology and Typhoon Jim Moore, Wen Chow Lee, Eric Low, Vivek Shane Mayor, Scott Spuler Boulder, CO 2 November 2006

  2. Community Airborne Platform Remote-sensing Suite (CAPRIS) Improve scientific understanding of the biosphere… • Observational needs of broad scientific communities in climate, atmospheric chemistry, physical meteorology, mesoscale meteorology, biogeochemistry, larger scale dynamics, oceanography and land surface processes Long Term View of EOL Facilities • A replacement for ELDORA airborne Doppler radar • Upgrade C-130 to state-of-the-art airborne platform and infrastructure • Fill NCAR G-V remote sensing instrumentation gaps on cloud microphysics, water vapor, ozone and clear air winds • Commitment to phased-array technology, and eye-safe lidars • Optional comprehensive ground-based instrument suite

  3. Motivation for CAPRIS Data assimilation, validation and developing and testing parameterization schemes • Community models - WRF, WACCSM and MOZART Validation of measurements from spaceborne platforms • CloudSat, GPM Improve our ability to understand and predict atmospheric and surface processes • Project climate change • High impact weather • Foresee components of atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemistry that affect society • Land surface processes

  4. Potential Scientific Advancements: Weather • Describe precipitation process from water vapor transport to quantitative precipitation estimate • Understand factors that control hurricane intensity change • Characterize convective initiation and transformation of fair weather cumuli into deep convection Potential Scientific Advancements: Chemistry • Transport of ozone and water between troposphere and stratosphere e.g., Doppler LIDAR, forward pointing WV observation • Impact of convection on chemical composition of UTLS region e.g. DC3

  5. Potential Scientific Advancements: Climate • Observe radiation effect due to deep convective clouds and cirrus ice clouds • Validate satellite-based products (CloudSat, GPM) Potential Scientific Advancements: PBL studies • Resolve spatial variation of turbulent fluctuations of water vapor and ozone • Measure entrainment rate of air from free atmosphere into the PBL Potential Scientific Advancements: Biogeosciences • Resolve PBL constituent fluxes (e.g. CO2, O3, water vapor) • Examine scales of land surface processes (e.g. in hydrology) and biomass

  6. CAPRIS Instruments and Science

  7. CAPRIS Radar Design Considerations • Develop an airborne and ground-based suite of remote sensors. Integrate phased-array technology and eye-safe lidar technology • Reduce X-band radar beam attenuation common to all existing airborne Doppler radars. Add microphysical characterization of the hydrometeors. • Aim for compact design to install on multiple aircraft, including other C-130s and G-V (global sampling). HALO? • Integrate multi-sensor approach on a single research platform in conjunction with in situ sensors. • Pursue a modular design approach which allows PIs to pick and choose the optimum combination of remote sensing instruments.

  8. CAPRIS Configurations H2O DIAL/Aerosol • 1.45 µm, eye safe • 4.4 km range, 300 m resolution • Up, down, or side MM-Radar • Dual polarization H,V linear • Dual wavelength • Pod-based scanning • Doppler CM-Radar • Four active element scanning array (AESA) conformal antennas • C band side-looking • X band top, bottom looking • Dual Doppler • 4 x resolution due to simultaneous fore and aft beams from all four antennas • Dual polarization H,V linear UV O3 DIAL/Clear air wind • 0.24-0.30 μm; 0.28-0.30 μm • 5 km range, 100 m for DIAL • 25 km range and 250 m for wind • Molecular scattering • Conical scanning

  9. CAPRIS Configurations -- Airborne CM-Radar • Four active element scanning array (AESA) conformal antennas • C band side-looking • X band top, bottom looking • Dual Doppler (V, σv) • 4 x resolution of current system due to simultaneous fore and aft beams from all four antennas • Dual polarization H,V linear • ZH, ZDR, KDP, LDR, RHOHV MM-Radar • Dual polarization H,V linear • ZH, ZDR, KDP, LDR, RHOHV • Dual wavelength (W,Ka) • Pod-based scanning • Doppler (V, σv)

  10. Possible CAPRIS Radar Positions on C-130 Upper X-band W, Ka band Pod Starboard C-band Port C-band Lower X-band C-130 front view

  11. CAPRIS Configurations – Ground Based CM-Radar • Re-package airborne system into two rapidly scanning mobile truck-based Radars: X and C bands • Re-configure both C band AESA’s into single flat aperture (for improved sensitivity and beamwidth) to be mechanically scanned in azimuth • Configure X-band similarly • Dual polarization H,V linear • Form multiple receive beams (3-5) for higher tilts MM-Radar • Re-package pod based radar into compact seatainer • Mobile, truck-based or shipped w/o truck • Mechanically scanned, azimuth and elevation • Dual wavelength (W and Ka) • Dual polarization Rapid DOW; Courtesy CSWR

  12. Examples of Combined Measurements Murphey et al. (2006)

  13. Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment Air pollutants vented from PBL O3, aerosols affect radiative forcing Pollutants rained out • From Mary Barth and Chris Cantrell’s DC3 report

  14. We are gathering specifications for the following 6 lidars: 1. Water vapor DIAL (aerosol backscatter) 2. Ozone DIAL (aerosol backscatter) 3. UV Rayleigh Doppler (UT/LS winds) 4. IR Heterodyne Doppler (PBL winds) 5. Carbon Dioxide DIAL 6. Vegetation Canopy Lidar

  15. Water Vapor CAPRIS Priority: Range-resolved profiles (vertical & horizontal) of water vapor over the widest range of climates and altitudes. Versatility requires eye-safety. Suggested approach: tunability 1450 – 1500 nm. Above: water vapor mixing ratio below DLR Falcon. From 940 nm H2O DIAL in 2002 IHOP. Courtesy: C. Kiemle, DLR Above: Water vapor absorption band heads and eye-safety. Courtesy: Scott Spuler, NCAR EOL

  16. 48” Tuning range 56” 34” Ozone CAPRIS Priority: Range-resolved vertical profiles of ozone over a wide range of environments and altitudes (e.g. urban air quality and UT/LS studies). Suggested approach: Tunability 260 - 310 nm Photos provided by Mike Hardesty & Chris Senff, NOAA

  17. UT/LS Winds CAPRIS Priority: Range-resolved profiles (vertical) of horizontal and vertical velocities above and below aircraft in “Aerosol-free” regions of the UT/LS. Suggested approach: UV direct-detection and VAD scans from rotating holographic optical element. Diagrams and data provided by Bruce Gentry, NASA Goddard

  18. IR Heterodyne Doppler CAPRIS Priority: high-resolution, eddy-resolving, velocities in the aerosol-rich lower troposphere. Suggested method: Heterodyne Doppler lidar at 1.5 or 2.0 microns. Data example courtesy Mike Hardesty, NOAA HRDL on DLR Falcon during I-HOP

  19. CO2 DIAL CAPRIS Priority: Coarse resolution vertical profiles of CO2. Resolution: 10-minute, 500 m, 1 ppm in 340 ppm background. Suggested method: DIAL at 1.6 or 2.0 microns. 0.3% accuracy required. Extremely difficult.

  20. Vegetation Canopy Lidar • Goal: Estimate biomass, canopy structure, and roughness • Large surface foot-print • Very high-speed (GHz) digitizers to resolve distribution of canopy matter (foliage, trunks, branches, twigs, etc.)

  21. Potential CAPRIS Lidar Ground Based Deployment UV O3 DIAL/Clear air wind • Housed in standard 20’ seatainer for ease of portability • Both instruments share BSU and aperture • H2O DIAL/Aerosol • Housed in standard 20’ seatainer for ease of portability • Full hemispherical coverage via beam steering unit (BSU) • Larger telescope for increased sensitivity

  22. Summary • CAPRIS will meet observational needs of several different scientific disciplines to help address key scientific questions. • Will fill the gap in current NCAR Aircraft instrumentation • All of the instruments will be built so that they are suitable for both airborne and ground-based deployment • Modular approach • Configure airborne platform for interdisciplinary research • Will modernize Lower Atmosphere Observing Facility remote sensors using the proven technology (phased array, polarization diversity and eye-safe Lidar technology) • No instrument suite currently exists on an airborne platform that can tackle the wide range of atmospheric problems outlined here

  23. Assistance from our Community • A unique opportunity to advise in the development of a diverse instrument suite • Comments on the concept and design • Recommend individuals/groups to contact • Provide critical review of Prospectus draft

  24. Questions and Comments For further information, contact: Jim Moore (jmoore@ucar.edu) Visit the website: http://www.eol.ucar.edu/development/capris/

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