NEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA (1815–1850)

1. Chapter 15 NEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA(1815–1850) Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening Section 2: Immigrants and Cities Section 3: Reforming Society Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery Section 5: Women’s Rights

2. Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening OBJECTIVES • How did religion affect Americans during the Second Great Awakening? • What were the transcendentalists’ views of American society? • What were some ideas of the romantic movement?

3. Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening Second Great Awakening During the Second Great Awakening, church membership and religious faith spread across the country.

4. Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening Transcendentalists’ Viewof American Society • simple • spiritual • free from material objects • equality for men and women

5. Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening Ideas of American Romantics • spirituality • simple life • nature • individualism • democracy

6. Section 2: Immigrants and Cities OBJECTIVES • Why did so many Irish and German immigrants come to the United States in the 1840’s and 1850’s? • How did some Americans react to immigrants? • What caused U.S. cities to grow, and what benefits and problems did this growth create?

7. Section 2: Immigrants and Cities Wave of Immigrants • fled to escape economic and political problems • fled to escape religious persecution

8. Section 2: Immigrants and Cities Response to Immigrants • became nativists • formed the Know-Nothing Party nativist – U.S. citizens who opposed immigration because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them

9. Section 2: Immigrants and Cities Growth of Cities • Industrial and Transportation Revolutions • Rural Migration • Immigration • Benefits: aided business owners and skilled workers and furthered arts and culture • Problems: overcrowding, limited transportation, conflicts between social classes, lack of safe housing and public services, tenements

10. Section 3: Reforming Society OBJECTIVES • How did reformers improve prisons in the early and mid-1800’s? • Why did reformers start the temperance movement? • How did Americans’ educational opportunities change during the early and mid 1800’s?

11. Section 3: Reforming Society Prison Reform in the Mid 1800’s • separate facilities for mentally ill and criminals • state hospitals • reform schools • houses of correction

12. Section 3: Reforming Society Temperance Movement The temperance movement was begun to halt alcohol abuse and social problems.

13. Section 3: Reforming Society Changes in Education – early and mid 1800’s • common-school movement • more funding and better salaries • greater opportunities for women, African Americans, and people with special needs

14. Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery OBJECTIVES • Why did some Americans become abolitionists? • How did abolitionists spread the movement’s message? • Why were some Americans against abolition?

15. Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery Abolitionists American abolitionists opposed slavery on religious, moral and political grounds. Others wanted to prevent conflicts between races.

16. Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery Spreading the Abolitionist Message • speaking tours • newspaper articles and pamphlets • poetry and literature • The Liberator • American Anti-Slavery Society

17. Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery Opposition to Abolition • thought freed slaves would take jobs away from whites • thought slavery was a vital party of Southern economy and culture • opposed interference from outsiders

18. Section 5: Women’s Rights OBJECTIVES • How did the abolitionist movement affect the women’s rights movement? • What were some goals of the women’s rights movement? • What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls convention, and why was it significant?

19. Section 5: Women’s Rights Influence of Abolition on Women’s Rights Women felt they had to defend their rights to speak in public.

20. Section 5: Women’s Rights Goals of Women’s Rights Movement • reform and abolition • better education • voting rights • property ownership and control

21. Section 5: Women’s Rights Seneca Falls Convention • Purpose: organize a women’s rights movement • Significance: first public meeting for women’s rights in the U.S.