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Unit 1 A Water

Unit 1 A Water. Water: Who Wants Some?!?!. Introduction to H 2 O. Trivia It takes 3.909 x 10 4 gallons of water to make a new car . Seventy-five percent of the human brain is water. One gallon of gasoline can contaminate approximately 750,000 gallons of water. .

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Unit 1 A Water

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  1. Unit 1 A Water

  2. Water: Who Wants Some?!?! Image Courtesy of: timhinds.com

  3. Introduction to H2O • Trivia • It takes 3.909 x 104 gallons of water to make a new car. • Seventy-five percent of the human brain is water. • One gallon of gasoline can contaminate approximately 750,000 gallons of water.

  4. On the average, each American uses about 160 gallons of water a day at a cost of 27 cents. Bottled water may cost up to 1000 times more than municipal may not be as safe. An acre of corn contributes more to humidity than a lake of the same size. The United States consumes water at twice the rate of other industrialized nations. Introduction (Cont.)

  5. Why is Water Special?? • Physical Properties: • Exists in all 3 states naturally • It is less dense as a solid than liquid (ice floats) • It absorbs lots of heat (use as coolant and weather effect)

  6. Why is Water Special?? • Chemical Properties: • Polar (makes great solvent) • High surface tension • High boiling point • Natural pH of 7 Images courtesy of: www.oceansonline.com

  7. Foul Water Activity (A.2) • Why is it important to have clean water? • Katrina Water Issues www.epa.gov

  8. Foul Water Activity (A.2) • Procedure is on pg.7 of your book. • Objectives • Know: • what each of the 3 separation methods are supposed to remove from water • what types of things ARE NOT removed via the separation methods we used • how DISTILLATION works, and what it removes from water

  9. Water Diary (A.3) • We are going to construct a water diary over the next few days in order to determine how much water you use per day!

  10. Data Table Examplepage 11 of Text

  11. Water and Health (A.4) • All living organisms need water in order to survive. • Humans can survive roughly 50-60 DAYS without food, but only 5-10 days without water • On average, humans drink about 2L of water per day

  12. Don’t Drink The Water!!! • Early peoples drank from rivers and streams. • As pop. Increased so did pollution • Wastes from farms, industries, and other sources contaminate water sources

  13. Water….What is it Good For? • Each day 4.0 x 1012 gallons of water falls to the Earth as rain or snow, humans use 10%. • Where does it go????

  14. Usage Across US (East Side Vs West Side) • East Side! • 88% of water returned to natural water ways • Most usage in manufacturing and homes/offices

  15. REGIONAL WATER USE

  16. East Side Vs. West Side (Cont) • West Side!! • Only 48% of water returned to waterways • Most water is used for irrigation (90%) • High evaporation rates (deserts)

  17. Mississippi River Delta

  18. The Untamed Colorado

  19. What’s the Difference? • Eastern half gets more rain • Has more natural water supplies • Wind Factors

  20. How much water do we use?? • Direct: Measured use • About 1360 L/Day (360 Gallons) per family of four • Indirect: Used in production • Example: Water consumed by cows that make up that “Tasty Burger” from the “Hawaiian Burger Joint”

  21. Which is more water use?!?! • Drinking One bottle of “Fiji” water or a bottle of “Naked Fruit Juice”? • Why?

  22. Back Through The Pipes (A.6) • Surface Water • Rivers, lakes, etc • Ground Water • Wells • Aquifers • Rock layers that hold water underground • Springs, etc • Most abundant source

  23. What’s in it?!?! • No Natural water is pure • It conducts electricity, remember? • Dissolves soil and rock • Iron, calcium, potassium, carbonates, silicates, etc

  24. What’s the difference?

  25. Where did Water first come from? • Volcanoes • Comets • Condensation of Atmospheric water

  26. WATER RESERVES

  27. Phases Of Water • Solid • Lowest Kinetic Energy • Crystalline Structure • Liquid • Loose Structure • Higher Kinetic Energy • Gas • No Structure • Highest Kinetic Energy

  28. A.4: Water and Health • How many days can you live without food? • 50-60 days • How many days can you live without water? • 5-10 days •  How many liters of water do you need on a daily basis? • 2L (can be from other water-containing sources)

  29. Did you say poop? • Back in the day, you could drink from the river. Can you now? Why? • Uhhh, No. Due to man-made and natural pollution •  If you had a choice, would you drink from a lake, river, stream, rainwater, or groundwater from a well? • Groundwater is the most pure, due to MaMa nature’s cleaning process •  What types of things are associated with “dirty water”? • Bacteria (E. coli), • Man-made pollution (carcinogens, heavy metals) • Solid particulate (trash, poop etc.)

  30. H20, Hold the poop! • What do we do to our water before we drink it? • Purify! • Municipal water: filter, chlorinate, fluorinate • Well water: ??

  31. A.5: Water Uses • How much water does an average family use per day? • A family of 4 uses 1300L (650 2L bottles) of measurable water/day • Direct water use – what you use for cooking, drinking, watering lawns etc. directly • Indirect water use – water used in the production of consumer goods in order to get end product to consumer. • Suggest direct and indirect water uses that explain why it takes 120L of water to produce a 1.3L can of orange juice???

  32. A.5: Water Uses Hey, isn’t this the same thing as distillation? • Remember the WATER CYCLE? • Evaporation – going from liquid to gas phase  • Condensation – going back from gas to liquid phase

  33. A.6: Back Through the Pipes • Where does the water from your pipes come from originally? • For us – an aquifer • Know: surface water, ground water, aquifers • Aquifer: underground natural rock storage of water • What is the difference between municipal water supplies and well water? • Municipal – comes from aquifer, is filtered, and generally chlorinated and fluorinated • Well – is not added to, may have high levels of dissolved minerals like S, Fe, Mg, Ca etc.

  34. The HYDROLOGIC CYCLE differs from the WATER CYCLE in that it takes into account water seeping into the ground. A.6: Back Through the Pipes

  35. A.7: Where is Earth’s Water?

  36. Physical States of Water • SOLIDS: • Highly organized • Tightly packed particles • Do NOT take on shape of container • Particles don’t move around much (it’s a slow dance) • Least Kinetic energy

  37. LIQUIDS: • Less organized • Less tightly packed particles • Take on the shape of container • Particles can move about (it’s a line dance… Hey Macarena) • Middle of the road Kinetic energy

  38. GASES: • Least organized • NOT tightly packed particles • Take on shape of container • Particles move relatively independently of one another (it’s a Rave) • Greatest Kinetic energy

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