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Anatomy and Physiology Introduction

This resource provides an overview of key terms and concepts related to animal anatomy and physiology. Students will learn to identify and describe various internal body systems, including the skeletal, muscular, reproductive, digestive, circulatory, genito-urinary, respiratory, nervous, and endocrine systems. Each system's components and functions are contrasted across different species, with an emphasis on the importance of understanding biological systems in advanced animal science. Ideal for enhancing your knowledge through interactive learning via matching games and quizzes!

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Anatomy and Physiology Introduction

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  1. Anatomy and Physiology Introduction TERMS ARE A REVIEW OF MATCHING GAME WE JUST PLAYED AND WILL BE USED IN JEOPARDY!

  2. Objective: • Identify terms related to Anatomy and Physiology. • Describe internal body systems of animals. • Compare internal body systems. • (TEA TEKS: Advanced Animal Science 130.7 (8) (B)

  3. The Skeletal System • Framework of the body • Provides structural support for all other organ systems • A skeleton of the bovine species is on the next slide, this is simply a review, don’t panic. We will learn each animal piece by piece and individually. • Made of bones and connective tissues.

  4. The Muscular System • Allows movement of internal structures, limbs and the body as a whole. • Muscles are categorized three different ways: • Their function: • Skeletal, Visceral or Cardiac • How they are activated: • Voluntary or Involuntary • By their physiology: • Smooth, Striated or Unstriated • Once again, the following picture is just a preview.

  5. The Reproductive System (female) • The vagina • Vulva • Cervix • Uterus • Fallopian tubes • Female hormones: • Estrogen and Progesterone

  6. The Reproductive System (male) • Penis • Testicles • Two ducts which connect the testicles with the penis • Male hormones: • Testosterone • Androgen

  7. The Digestive System • Breaks down various nutrients found in feeds into molecules that can be used by the cells of the body. • In ALL animals this system is made of: • Mouth • Tongue • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach (In ruminants the stomach has 4 compartments: Omasum, Abomasum, Rumen and Reticulum) • Small intestine • Large intestine • Anus

  8. Ruminant Monogastric

  9. The Circulatory System • Responsible for: • Distributing blood throughout the body • Removing wastes • Immune responses to infections • Regulating temperatures • Major organs: • The heart • Veins • Capillaries • Arteries • Lymph vessels • Lymph glands

  10. The Genito-Urinary System (Female) • Includes the reproductive system and the urinary system. • The vagina • Vulva • Cervix • Uterus • Fallopian tubes • Bladder

  11. The Genito-Urinary System (Male) • Includes both the reproductive and urinary system • Penis • Bladder

  12. The Respiratory System • Responsible for: • Providing oxygen to the blood • Noise created by the voice box • Excretion of waste gases. • Consists of: • Lungs • Nostrils • Nasal cavity • Pharynx • Larynx • trachea

  13. The Nervous System • Functions: • Coordinating physical movement of the body • Responding to actions of the 5 senses • Composed of 2 major parts: • Central Nervous System • Includes: the brain and spinal cord • Peripheral Nervous System • Includes: nerves found in all other regions of the body

  14. The Endocrine System • Network of glands that secrete hormones • Hormones provide chemical control of various functions of the body • Includes: • Hypothalamus gland • Pituatary gland • Thyroid gland • Adrenal gland

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