Download
1 / 48
520 likes | 907 Views
“The grass is always greener on the other side.”. What do you think this quote means? Do you think this is a true or false statement? Explain. Give at least 3 reasons people move to a new location.
E N D
“The grass is always greener on the other side.” What do you think this quote means? Do you think this is a true or false statement? Explain. Give at least 3 reasons people move to a new location. Take a post-it and list your best reason. Then be ready to explain if this reason is political, economic, or social.
Fear of attack by other countries • Desire to spread democracy to new lands • Spread of slavery • Escape religious persecution (Mormons) • find a better life, better land to farm • escape racism • Find new wealth (gold rush) • Land speculators sold land for a profit • Start a farm
Manifest Destiny Why did America go west? Adapted by Diana Brister Collins Middle School, Corsicana, TX Original by: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY
“Manifest Destiny” • First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. • ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty ….” • A belief that America would one day control all the land from the east coast to the west coast.As a result, a myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.
Overland Immigration to the West • Between 1840 and 1860, more than 250,000 people made the trek westward.
Mountain Men • What role did Mountain Men play in the idea of Manifest Destiny. • What type of impact did they have: political, economic, or social? Explain in detail from what you have read. By Frederic Remington
Some of the most colorful characters in the early history of California and the west were "mountain men" who guided the early overland settlers • Most traveled to the Rocky Mountains to hunt beaver and other furs. A very nice way to make money. • As a result of trapping, men discovered the best passes through the Rockies • scouted for the U.S. Army during the Mexican American War. http://www.missionscalifornia.com/stories/mountainmen_files/image002.jpg
Trails Westward • Santa Fe Trail connected the southern route • Oregon Trail connected to the north to Oregon • Mormon Trail led to Utah
Loading the Wagon • Wagons usually measured 4 feet wide by 12 feet long. These wagons had to carry all supplies for traveling the trail and for beginning a new life. • The emphasis was on tools and food, but a few family treasures and heirlooms were also carried. • Using the wagon as shelter was almost an afterthought.
First to settle Oregon: Missionaries • Desired to convert Native Americans • Most famous: Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife, Narcissa • Were killed by Native Americans due to spread of disease by so many white settlers
Mormons • Settled westward due to religious persecution (Unusual practices) • Founder- Joseph Smith • Brigham Young- brought the group to Salt Lake City, Utah – the final destination • Were very reluctant to join the U.S. as a state due to problems with U.S. forces
Mormons • Mormons settled in Salt Lake City, Utah. • They developed an irrigation system to grow crops. This dramatically changed how people saw this once barren, desert area of the U.S.
Texas Independence (1836-1845)
Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston(1793-1863) Stephen F. Austin(1793-1836)
“Manifest Destiny” • the phrase was first coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivanin 1845. • ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of ... liberty ….” • Manifest Destiny is the belief that America would one day control all the land from the east coast to the west coast.
The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight! • By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land. • Election of 1844 – James K. Polk’s supporters used this slogan to get him elected. “Fifty four forty or Fight” 54’40 Line • The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846 when Britain and the U.S. divided Oregon along the 49th parallel.
The Republic of Texas • Texas was annexed by the U.S. in 1845. • The annexation greatly angered Mexico, who never recognized them as an independent nation.
The Mexican American War (1846-1848)
What role did Manifest Destiny play in the Mexican War? • The U.S. government under Polk was willing to go to war when treaties or purchases of territory did not work.
The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845 • Recognize that Texas was independent and now a part of U.S. • Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border. • US would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt. • US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000. US would buy California at any price. John Slidell
What caused the Mexican-American War? • Mexico refused to recognize that Texas won its independence • Mexico and U.S. disagreed on the border between Mexico and Texas • Mexican troops ambushed U.S. soldiers patrolling the Rio Grande. (“American blood was shed on American soil”)
Anti-War Americans • War with Mexico was viewed by some Americans as a “War of Aggression”. • Henry David Thoreau was a member of a group known as Transcendentalist (That is they believed people can find truth within themselves. • He opposed the war and encouraged others not to obey laws that they thought were unjust. • He even believed that going to jail instead of paying taxes to pay for the war was right. • He wrote a book entitled “Civil Disobedience” explaining this viewpoint.
California: The Bear Flag Republic The Revolt June 14, 1846 John C. Frémont
General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto “Old Rough and Ready”
General Scott Enters Mexico City “Old Fuss and Feathers”
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico! Mexico gave up claims to Texas. Mexico ceded all the lands from California to New Mexico to the U.S. (known as the Mexican Cession) U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of damages done to citizens’ lands (over $3,500,000).
Results of the Mexican War? The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease). New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX) These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South. Manifest Destiny partially realized.
Gadsden Purchase 1853 • Wanted the land for two reasons: • A southern Railroad route- needed easier access and water • More natural boundary between U.S. and Mexico Purchased for $ _____.
New Opportunities & Unresolved Issues
GOLD!At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter
California Gold Rush, 1849 49er’s What happened to the Californios?
Effect of the Gold Rush • By 1850, California had enough people to apply to become a state. • Downside, CA joined as a free state. This led to conflicts over the issue of the spread of slavery in the government.
Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850s • By 1860, almost 300,000 people had traveled the Oregon & California Trails to the Pacific coast.
Free Soil Party Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men! • “Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats. • Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties. • Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories! WHY?
The Pony Express • Between April, 1860 and Nov., 1861. • Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA. • Took 10 days. • Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.
Bell Work • Write your answers in paragraph form. • What were the pros and cons of the Transcontinental Railroad. • How did the Homestead Act contribute to Manifest Destiny. • Include the role of the government • Role of the people • Economic effect • What about the downside?
