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1. 4 0 6 . 0 1 Radio Waves and Signals

2. Wavelength Wavelength is the linear measurement of a wave.

3. CREST TROUGH Crest is the highest part of the wave. Trough is the lowest part of the wave.

4. Cycle Cycle Cycle is one complete vibration from trough to trough or crest to crest.

5. Frequency Frequency is number of cycles per second. Hertz is a measurement of frequency. Usually measured in kilohertz or megahertz.

6. Low and Medium Frequencies Frequencies between 200KHz and 535KHz are known as low or medium frequencies. Commercial broadcast radio stations and homing devices all transmit on low or medium frequencies.

7. High Frequencies Frequencies between 2,500KHz and 30,000KHz are known as high frequencies. They are excellent for air/ground communication facilities in the northern remote areas of Canada.

8. Very High Frequencies Frequencies between 30MHz and 300MHz are known as very high frequencies. Used for aviation, for commercial and private aircraft.

9. Ultra High Frequency Frequencies between 300MHz and 3000MHz are known as ultra high frequencies. Used for upper level aircraft and special government use.

10. Confirmation Stage NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage

11. Radio Radio Waves and Signals Let's try a few review questions on Radio: Question #1 - What is the lowest part of a radio wave? A Crest B Trough C Cycle D Wave length

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16. Radio Radio Waves and Signals Let's try a few review questions on Radio: Question #2 - What are low and medium waves used for? A Commercial broadcasts B Radio stations C Homing devices D All the above

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21. Ground Waves Ground waves travel along the surface of the earth and are dulled by obstacles.

22. Sky Waves • Sky waves travel upward into the air and are reflected back to the surface from the ionosphere.

23.  Skip Zone Skip Zone Skip zone is an area located between the ground waves and the sky waves. Transmissions are very erratic or unheard.

24. Line of Sight VHF radio waves travel straight through the air. Therefore, an aircraft must be able to see the station in order to receive their transmission. This is known as “line of sight”.

25. Emergencies • The emergency frequency is 121.50MHz • Distress • The first distress call should be placed on the current frequency, if there no response then transmit on the emergency frequency. • Distress calls can be used when the flight is threatened by grave or imminent danger and requires immediate assistance. • The call format is the word MAYDAY repeated three times. A pilot should include present position, nature of emergency, and intentions.

26. Emergencies • Urgency • The urgency call should be placed to a specific station. • Urgency calls can be used with concerns of the safety of the aircraft, any person on board or within sight. • The call format is the word PAN repeated three times. A pilot should include present position, nature of urgency, and intentions.

27. Emergencies • Safety • Message concerning the safety of navigation or important meteorological warning to aircraft in flight. • The call format is the word SECURITY repeated three times.

28. Priority of Communication The following are the priority of calls by Flight Service Stations (FSS): • Emergency Communication • Flight Safety Communication • Scheduled Broadcasts • Unscheduled Broadcasts • Other air/ground Communications

29. Communication Check SYMBOLSMEANINGSCALE 1 Unreadable Bad 2 Readable now and then Poor 3 Readable with difficulties Fair 4 Readable Good 5 Perfectly Readable Excellent

30. Confirmation Stage NOTE: You must use the buttons in the Confirmation Stage

31. Radio Radio Waves and Signals Let's try a few review questions on Radio: Question #3 - Name a wave that travels upward into the air. A Line of sight B Skip zone C Ground wave D Sky wave

32. Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again...

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34. Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again...

35. Flying Scholarship Program That answer iscorrect. Let's move on...

36. Radio Radio Waves and Signals Let's try a few review questions on Radio: Question #4 - What signal word for an urgency call? A MAYDAY B PAN C SECURITY D HELP

37. Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again...

38. Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again...

39. Flying Scholarship Program I’m afraid that answer is incorrect Let's try again...

40. Flying Scholarship Program That answer iscorrect. Let's move on...

41. Radio Radio Waves and Signals Congratulations!! You have now completed the Radio Waves and Signals lesson of the Radio Module. Of course, this lesson is always available to you for future reference if required. You are now ready to move along to the next Radio lesson you have not completed or to any other module you wish. You can advance to the Self Test Module if you feel ready to challenge the final exam. Good Luck!