XBRL & Enhanced Business Reporting: A Consortium Approach Dr. Robert G. Eccles XBRL International April 27, 2005

1. XBRL & Enhanced Business Reporting: A Consortium ApproachDr. Robert G. Eccles XBRL International April 27, 2005Boston, USA

2. Wait a minute… enhanced business reporting, improving the reporting model… • Didn't Sarbanes-Oxley § 404 lead to improved internal controls and result in better information? • No…..SOX targeted improved internal controls over financial reporting, however… • Investors, creditors and business executives do not use the financial statements as their primary tool when making decisions about the allocation of capital • Then, what information is important?

3. Research tells us what is important • Provide shareholders and others with information needed to make decisions • Financial and nonfinancial value drivers • Tangible and intangibles assets • In general, many measures require information from outside the Company's financial or business systems • Vast majority of measures are not subject to standards or reporting frameworks of any kind Enhanced Business Reporting = Better Information

4. Banking Insurance • Fee-based Revenue Growth • Delivery Channels • Economic Profit • Performance by Business Segment • Market Risk Exposure • Cost/Income • Market Share • Assets Under Management • Employee Satisfaction • Brand Equity • Product Innovation • Investment Performance • Degree of Diversification • Regulatory Reputation • IT Expenditures • Performance by Business Segment • Expense Ratio • Capital Management • Risk Management Practices • Plans for Growth • Investment Performance • Distribution Channels • Quality of Management • Earnings • Asset/Liability Management • Return on Risk • Adjusted Capital • Market Growth • Customer Retention • Capital Adequacy • Claims Ratio • Economic Profit • Employee Satisfaction • Customer Penetration • Market Risk Exposure • Assets Under Management • Asset Quality • Embedded Value • IT Expenditures • Brand Equity • Product Innovation • Regulatory Reputation • Market Share • Loan Loss • Earnings • Capital Adequacy • Risk Management Practice • Customer Retention • Customer Penetration • Asset/Liability Management • Asset Quality • Return on Risk Adjusted Capital • Capital • Management • Quality of Management • Plans for Growth • Market Growth PwC ValueReporting capital markets research Source: PwC ValueReporting Capital Markets Survey

5. Investment Management High Technology Telecommunications • Competitive Landscape • Capital Expenditures • Market Growth • Customer Churn Rate • Regulatory Environment • Pricing Strategy • Network Reach, Quality & Capability • Earnings • Revenue Metrics by Driver (e.g. Average Revenue per user) • Significant Operating Costs by Category • Sales & Marketing Strategy • Cash Flow by Business Segment • Profit Margins • Investment Product Performance • Quality of Management • Asset Growth from Investment Performance • Asset Growth from Product Cash Flow • Employee Retention • Compensation Levels of Professional Staff • Asset Retention • Competitive Landscape • Product Diversification Strategy • Strategic Direction • Cash Flow • Market Growth • Gross Margins • Quality/Experience of Management Team • Market Size • Competitive Landscape • Earnings • Speed to Market (first to market) • Market Share • Compensation Strategy • Investment in Technology to Improve Business Processes • Assets under Management • Enterprise Risk Management • Market Share • Experience & Quality of Investment Research Professionals PwC ValueReporting capital markets research Source: PwC ValueReporting Capital Markets Survey

6. Pharmaceuticals Petroleum • Supply, Demand and Prices for Petroleum Products by Region • Cash Flow • Unit Cost by Refinery • Value of Proven & Probable Reserves • Refinery Margins by Region • Capital Expenditures • Strategic Direction • Reserve Replacement Costs • Refinery Utilization • Refinery Acquisition Cost of Crude • Earnings • Supply, Demand & Prices for Crude Oil & Natural Gas • Performance by Business Segment • Exploration Success Rate • Return On Average Capital Employed or Similar Return Measure • Quality of Management • Petroleum Product Sales by Volume by Refinery • Risk Management • Quality of Workforce • Hedging Strategy • Market Share • Operating Profit per Equivalent Measure by Geographic Location • Market Growth & Potential by Therapeutic Area • Product Focus Strategy • Earnings • R&D Pipeline • Market Share by Therapeutic Area • Regulatory Issues • Product Innovation Strategy • Performance by Business Segment • Effectiveness of Product Launch • Reputation with Prescribers • Quality of Management • Market Growth & Potential by Geographic Area • Market Growth by Geographic Market • Partnering Strategy • Cost/Revenue Ratios • Quality of Selection of Development Targets • Recruitment & Retention of Talented People • Risk Profile of Product • Efficiency of Manufacturing Facilities • Profitability of Licensing Arrangements • Economic Profit • Value of Key Intellectual Assets • Brand Awareness of Levels with Patients PwC ValueReporting capital markets research Source: PwC ValueReporting Capital Markets Survey

7. PwC ValueReporting capital markets research Chemicals Metals Mining • Free Cash Flow • Strategic Direction • Manufacturing Costs • Earnings • Market Growth • Performance by Business Segment • Product Quality • Quality of Management • Capital Expenditure • Utilization of Facilities • Market Share • Customer Loyalty • Market Share • Energy Prices & Supply • Earnings • Costs per Ton Delivered • Market Growth • Metals Prices • Capital Expenditures • Performance by Business Segment • Potential Supply Globally & Locally • Utilization of Facilities • Product Quality • Free Cash Flow • Age & Quality of Plant • Strategic Direction • Value of Tangible Assets • Implementation of New Processes & Technologies • Quality of Management • Regulatory Environment • Strategic Direction • Cash Cost per Ounce/Kg/Ton • Capital Expenditures • Earnings • Existing/Potential Environmental Liabilities • Health & Safety Performance Statistics • Metal Prices • Quality of Management • Acquisition Strategies • Ounces/Kilograms/Tons Produced per Year • Performance by Business Segment • Cost per Ounce/Kg/Ton • Labor Relations • Sustainable Development Strategy • Environmental Policy/Risks • Potential Supply/Production Globally & Locally Source: PwC ValueReporting Capital Markets Survey

8. Diversified Manufacturing Consumer Goods • Free Cash Flow • Performance by Business Segment • Market Growth • Earnings • Manufacturing Costs • Quality of Management • Strategic Direction • Capital Expenditures • Market Share • Product Quality • Capital Expenditure • Free Cash-flow • Sales Volume • Quality of Strategy • Growth of Strategy • Performance by Business Segment • Market Growth • Performance by Geographic Market • Marketing Strategy • Customer Loyalty & Advocacy • Customer Service • Weighted average cost of capital • Employee Satisfaction & Advocacy • Earnings • Sales & Gross Margins by Product Category • Market Share • Product Innovation • Marketing Costs • Brand Portfolio Management Date • Percent of New Products in Sales • Employment, Environmental Policies • Product Range Development • Stock Levels in the Supply Chain • Distribution Channel Complexity PwC ValueReporting capital markets research Source: PwC ValueReporting Capital Markets Survey

9. Retail Real Estate • Market Growth • Earnings • Same Store Sales • Gross Margins • Free Cash-Flow • Market Share • Performance by Business Segment • Store Portfolio Changes (e.g., new stores) • Weighted Average Cost of Capital • Customer Satisfaction • Expected Return on New Stores Refurbishment • Quality of Management • Capital Expenditure • Sales per Square Foot • Inventory Turns • New Store Formats Tested & Performance Data • Brand Value • Product Availability • Financing Strategy • Occupancy Rate • Macro-Economic Factors (e.g., GDP growth, inflation, population & job growth, interest rates) • Investment Strategy • Return on Invested Capital • Revenue from New Developments or Acquisitions • Investment in New Acquisitions & Development Properties • Earnings • Market Rental Rate • Quality of Management • Free Cash Flow PwC ValueReporting capital markets research Source: PwC ValueReporting Capital Markets Survey

10. PwC ValueReporting capital markets research Automotive Entertainment Utilities • Earnings • Free cash flow • Market Share • Strategic direction • Product quality • Customer satisfaction • Market Growth • Facility or capacity investment strategy • Sales volume • Performance by business segment • ROIC • Market Growth • Market Share • Free Cash Flow • Performance by Business Segment • Customer Demographics • Quality of Management • Earnings • Strategic Direction • New Business • Capital Expenditure • Cost reduction • Investment/acquisition strategy • Margin improvement • Market growth • Operating cash flow growth • Operating profit growth • Quality of management • Regulatory environment and price controls • Risk Management processes • Strategic direction and focus - integrated vs. specialist player Source: PwC ValueReporting Capital Markets Survey

11. Everyone needs better information • Management… to optimize allocation of capital and people resources • Boards of directors… to provide the level of oversight that shareholders demand • Investors… to more efficiently and effectively allocate and price capital • Regulators… to ensure that the capital markets are functioning as efficiently and effectively as possible The net result is a higher return on capital for society as a whole

12. What makes information better? • Information which is more relevant • Content matters – not the normal boiler plate • Management’s perspective • Different users have different needs • Information which is not overly costly to produce or consume • Format matters • Timing is important • Focus on analysis not data gathering and validation Both content and format of information enhance transparency

13. What do you mean… content and format? • Enhanced Business Reporting is about content • Provides information that is actually used for decision-making • It is information that is not always disclosed • Business community may want to develop standards for this type of content (rather than waiting for territory regulatory actions) • XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) is about format • Current taxonomies are based on accounting standards • Taxonomies for MD&A/OFR content are very high level • Taxonomy extensions will provide more relevant information

14. What is Enhanced Business Reporting? • Enhanced information for consumers • Internationally recognized, voluntary guidelines for industry-specific value drivers and key performance indicators (KPIs) • A framework for disclosure of non-financial information, e.g., opportunities, risks, strategies and plans and about the quality, sustainability and variability of cash flows and earnings • Simplified report preparation • Stronger focus on quality of information, not quantity • Prepare and disseminate information using efficient and effective business processes

15. A standardized format matters if information is to be more useful • Management… to quickly populate a wide range of analytical and reporting tools with relevant information • Boards of directors… to access and analysis of information buried deep within the enterprise • Investors… to more efficiently and effectively access and analyze information in business reports • Regulators… to more effectively analyze information in business reports The net result is greater transparency of business information

16. The challenge • CEOs and management must resolve to report externally the same information that is used to manage the business • Boards of directors must determine the optimal level of transparency required to ensure that all stakeholders have the information needed to make decisions • Investors must demand and use qualitative, non-financial information and key performance indicators • Regulators must be willing to trade long-time requirements for more relevant and useful information

17. The benefits are worth the effort • Better Management • Improving the ability of companies to benchmark performance against all key performance indicators • This level of benchmarking is impracticable in a paper-centric world • Better Governance • Directors can better fulfill their fiduciary responsibilities to shareholders, e.g., more appropriate executive compensation through benchmarking • Better Markets • The over-emphasis of quarterly earnings will decline, as companies provide richer information that enables to investors take a longer term view • More efficient and cost-effective regulation

18. Tier Three Company-Specific Information Tier Two Industry-Based Standards Tier One Global Generally Accepted Accounting Principles One possible model for business reporting…

19. One possible framework enhanced business reporting… • The Market • Competition • Regulatory • Macro-economic • Strategy • Overview • Strategic priorities • Operational goals • Risks and risk management • Opportunities • Value drivers • Financial • Financial statements • Segment analysis • Performance • Summary • Supply chain • Customers • Acquisitions • Innovation • People • Sensitivity analysis • Estimates • Projections Source: Report of the Public Company Task Force to the AICPA Special Committee on Enhanced Business Reporting, June 2004

20. What do we need to do? • Work together along industry lines to create thoughtful proposals for greater transparency involving both simplification and enhancement • Lead positive change, through a collaborative solution, by establishing an international Enhanced Business Reporting Consortium of diverse stakeholders to improve the quality and transparency of information used in decision-making Market collaboration is the best solution for all participants

21. Are there any alternatives to the EBR Consortium? • Do nothing and… • Live with uncertainty in the markets about strategic intent and future performance, but remember, uncertainty breeds market volatility • Fail to demonstrate that users and providers of market capital are committed to hold themselves accountable for the quality of the information provided to the capital markets • Fumble an opportunity to build upon the SEC's interest in a market-led effort • One thing is certain… • Failure of the business community to develop and present constructive proposals will result in future regulatory mandates

22. Companies are trying to explain why they did not make a target that they didn’t set in the first place “Enhanced Business Reporting will help companies move beyond the earnings game; placing more emphasis on measures that give a better picture of their value, their risks, and their opportunities.” Bob Herz Chairman Financial Accounting Standards Board

23. What does the SEC think of the Enhanced Business Reporting Consortium? “I am encouraged by the Enhanced Business Reporting Consortium's efforts to develop a voluntary, internationally recognized framework for presentation of industry-specific key performance indicators and disclosure of non-financial information about opportunities, risks and management's strategies and plans. This effort represents the type of discussion and action that should be occurring in the marketplace as we all seek to continually improve the value of information for the sake of investors.” Don NicolaisenChief AccountantSecurities and Exchange Commission

24. We are on the verge of a fundamental transformation of business reporting practices Will you join us in providing leadership for change? www.ebrconsortium.org

25. XBRL & Enhanced Business Reporting: A Consortium ApproachDr. Robert G. Eccles XBRL International April 27, 2005Boston, USA