Mid-term #2 Review

1. Mid-term #2 Review

2. E-100 • What happens when water freezes? • Its density decreases.

3. E-100 • What happens when water freezes? • Its volume increases.

4. E-200 • Latent heat • What is the heat energy involved with the change of state or phase of water?

5. E-300 • It releases heat and warms the surrounding air • What happens when water vapor condenses?

6. E-400 • If you see this cloud, you could expect rain within 24 hours • What is a cirrus cloud?

7. E-500 • Because cold fronts travel 40 kmh while warm fronts travel 25 kmh • Why does occlusion occur in a midlatitude wave cyclone?

8. E-600 • 71% • What portion of Earth's surface is covered with water?

9. E-700 • Sea levels dropped by 360 feet • What happened to sea levels during the height of the last ice age?

10. E-800 • Ice caps and glaciers • Where is the majority of water today?

11. E-900 • When air is saturated it has reached this • What is the dew-point temperature?

12. E-1000 • Why do hurricanes die when they move over land? • They are cut off from their supply of water vapor that provides energy in the form of the latent heat of condensation.

13. E-1100 • Describe the pattern of winds along a cold front. • Wind shifting from southerly to westerly with warm air (mT) being quickly lifted by cold air (mP).

14. E-1200 • What lifting mechanism generates the consistently highest rainfall? • Orographic lifting

15. E-1300 • How thick is the typical air mass? • They extend through half the troposphere.

16. E-1400 • ANSWER: They tend to keep the temperature and humidity characteristics of their source region. • QUESTION: Hey, what about the temperature and humidity characteristics of those air masses, huh? And boy are they homogeneous in terms of temperature and humidity!

17. A-100 • An area defined by long term weather patterns • What is a climatic region?

18. A-200 • What happens to the annual temperature range as latitude increases? • It also increases.

19. A-300 • What is the correct sequence of climates from equator to poles? • Tropical, arid and semi-arid, mesothermal, microthermal, and polar.

20. A-400 • What is a climate classification system based on causative factors called? • A genetic system.

21. A-500 • What are the factors that cause the deserts in the southwest of the US? • They are located under the ST High, in the interior, with a cold current offshore, and in a leeward position in the rain shadow of big mountains.

22. E-500 • This is the most popular type of climate to live in • What is a humid subtropical climate?

23. B-100 • What is the term for the amount of water that would transpire or evaporate if available? • POTET or potential evapotranspiration

24. B-200 • Forces from inside Earth are termed this, while forces outside Earth are termed this • What are endogenic and exogenic forces?

25. B-300 • This is the belief that Earth is very young and shaped by catastrophies, while this is the theory that Earth is very old and shaped gradually • Catastrophism and uniformitarianism.

26. B-400 • This is the correct sequence of the layers of Earth from center to outside • What is the inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, asthenosphere, uppermost mantle, and crust?

27. B-500 • These are the defining characteristics of Mediterranean climates • What are bounded by the polar front and ST high, west coast, cold current offshore, desert to the equator and moist to the poles, and 70% of rain falling in the winter?

28. B-600 • When are the dry and wet seasons with monsoon climates? • Dry in the winter, wet in the summer.

29. B-700 • What kinds of rain do humid subtropical climates get in summer and winter? • Convective (thunderstorms) in summer, frontal or cyclonic storms in winter.

30. B-800 • Why are Mediterranean climates dry in the summer? • Because the subtropical high is overhead, thats why.

31. B-900 • Where are microthermal or snowy forest climates found? • They are found in the northern hemisphere because of they are caused by continentality. • Except for highland regions in the southern hemisphere.

32. C-100 • These are some of the predicted consequences of global warming • What is catastrophic flooding, spread of tropical disease, change in forest composition, extinction of up to 1/3 species, and changes in international trade (esp. agricultural)?

33. C-200 • What has happened to global CO2 since 1825? • What is doubled?

34. C-300 • This occurs when ground water is removed at a rate faster than it is being replaced. • Groundwater mining.

35. C-400 • How thick is Earth’s crust? • 5 to 60 km.

36. C-500 • Continental crust is chemically similar to this rock, while oceanic crust is chemically similar to this rock • Granite (continental crust) and basalt (oceanic crust.)

37. D-100 • Oceanic crust has this density, while continental crust has this density • 3.0 g/cm3 and 2.7 g/cm3

38. D-200 • When they converge this type of crust always subducts because of this reason. • Oceanic crust subducts because it is more dense (3.0 g/cm3) than continental crust (2.7 g/cm3.)

39. D-300 • What are some of the main supports for plate tectonics? • Magnetic field patterns in rocks, distribution of fossils, paleoclimatic evidence, continental margin fit, depths and patterns of earthquakes, patterns of volcanism, and the equal ages of rocks on either side of spreading centers.

40. D-400 • When did Pangaea break apart? • 225 mya.

41. D-500 • Plate boundaries are associated with these: • Rifting (spreading), subduction, earthquakes, and volcanoes.

42. D-600 • What formed the Hawai'ian islands? • A plume of magma from the mantle.