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Norman, OK,1989

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Norman, OK,1989

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  1. X-Band Polarimetric Radar Network in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area－ X-NET －M. Maki1, T. Maesaka1, K. Iwanami1, R. Misumi1, S. Suzuki1, A. Kato1, S. Shimizu1, N. Sakurai1, K. Kieda2, T. Yamada3, F. Kobayashi4, A. Yamaji5, H. Hiraguchi6, T. Ohishi7,M. Shimaura8, S. Tsuchiya9, D.-In. Lee10, D.-S. Kim10, V. Chandrasekar11, Y. Wang11(1) National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan,(2) Advanced Engineering Services, Japan, (3) Chuo University, Japan,(4) National Defense Academy, Japan, (5) Japan Weather Association, Japan,(6) Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan, (7) Yamanashi University, Japan, (8) JR EAST, Japan, (9) National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Japan, (10) Pukyong National University, Korea, (11) Colorado State Univ., USA ISRMSA2009, Kyoto University, Japan (10-13 Nov. 2009)

  2. Norman, OK,1989

  3. Contents1. Background2. What is X-NET ? What is a goal ?3. Main Features of X-NET4. Technical Aspects of X-NET5. Summary

  4. It is recognized that large cities with populations of several million people are inherently vulnerable to severe storms such as localized heavy rainfall, lightning, and tornados. Why X-NET Landslide Tornado Urban Flooding (Yuzawa Sabo) Tokyo, Sep. 2005 (Toyohashi Fire Depart. 1999) Flooding Wind damage Lightning Shin-kawa, Aichi, Sep. 2000 Yokohama, Oct. 2004

  5. X-NET is an X-band (3-cm wavelength) research radar network in the Kanto area implemented by NIED. What is X-NET ? Goals of X-NET The goals of X-NET are to provide end-users with accurate information of precipitation data and wind data that are necessary to understand the mechanism of severe storms and to develop urban disaster nowcasting systems.

  6. Main Features of X-NET • Test Bed • Tokyo Metropolitan Area where around 30million people live. • Radar Network • Immediate and economical efficiency using existing research radar facilities. • The radar network utilizing advanced and inexpensive telecommunication network available in urban area. • Outreach • Collaboration with end-users through interactive activities. • X-NET contributes to establish operational polarimetric radar networks of MLIT in three major metropolitan areas and major local cities.

  7. Tokyo Metropolitan Area IBARAKI 50km Saitama (1.2m) SAITAMA Tokyo 23 (8.5m) TOKYO Chiba (0.9m) CHIBA Kawasaki (1.3m) KANAGAWA Yokohama (3.6m) About 30 million people live in an area within a 50km radius of the headquarters of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. About 10 million passengers daily use about 132 train lines and 24 major bus terminals as their primary means of travel. ■ Test Bed • Tokyo Metropolitan Area (contains most of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama prefectures, and part of Chiba prefecture) • The world’s most populous metropolitan area. The three major metropolitan areas of Japan Tokyo Nagoya Osaka

  8. MKA HNY STM ABK BNK Metropolitan Area EBN KSR YKH Research Polarimetric Operational Polarimetric (plan) Research Doppler Operational Doppler (C-band) YKS 0 50 100km ■ Radar Network X-NET is an X-band (3-cm wavelength) research radar network implemented by NIED in the Kanto area. Radars networked in X-NET EBN, KSR, MKA (NIED) ABK (CRIEPI) KFU (Yamanashi Univ.) BNK (Chuo Univ.) YKS (NDA) HNY (JWA) YKH, STM (MLIT) KFU Synthetic Doppler radar analysis area Synthetic Doppler radar analysis area

  9. Specifications of NIED polarimetric radars

  10. Collaboration with End-Users • Urban Flooding: • ・Fujisawa city/Kanagawa Prefecture • ・Tokyo Fire Department/Tokyo • Nowcasting: • ・Japan Weather Association • Public Transportation: • ・East Japan Railway Co. • Operational Radar Network: • ・National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management

  11. Operational X-Band Polarimetric Radar Networks by MLIT 2010～ 2011～ Toyama, Kanazawa Osaka Hiroshima Fukuoka Tokyo Nagoya X-NET contributes to establish operational X-band polarimetric radar networks of MLIT in three major metropolitan areas and major local cities.

  12. Technical Aspects of X-NET • ■ Quantitative Precipitation Estimate • KDP based QPE at X-band wavelength • Identification of signal extinction area. • Mosaic of X-NET polarimetric radar and C-band radar • ■ Spatial Resolution and Obs. Height • ■ Real-Time Retrieval of Wind Field

  13. X-NET QPE ZH ZDR ρHV ΦDP • Remove masking area data, noise, non-precipitation echo, and ground clutter • Correction of topographic partial blocking 1st Quality Control Calculation of KDP Attenuation Correction • Unfolding of ΦDP • Filtering of ΦDP • Range derivative of ΦDP • Self-consistent method • Constrain of ZDR at edge ZH ZDR KDP 2nd Quality Control Mosaic of multiple X-band radar Rr • Remove non-precipitation echo by ZDR Signal Extinction Area • Calculation of rain attenuation Complementary use of C-band Rr Rain Rate Estimator • Composite method of R(KDP) and R(Z) Distribution of Rr Rr

  14. X-NET Composite Map and Signal Extinction Area EL=0.7° X-NET Composite Map (5 minute updating) EL=1.2° MKA＋ EL=0.7° EL=1.2° Signal Extinction MKA ＋ EBN ＋ Composition EL=0.7° EL=1.2° KSR ＋ EBN ＋ KSR ＋ （Composite PPI data measured by 7 tilt angles from 0.7°～ 4,7°)

  15. Composition of X-NET and Operational C-band Radar MKA ＋ MKA ＋ KSZ ＋ KSZ ＋ EBN ＋ EBN ＋ KSR ＋ KSR ＋ Localized Rainfall associated with T0918 18:20 UTC, 7 Oct. 2009 X-NET polarimetric radar X-NET JMA composite map JMA operational radar (Z-R with gauge adjustment) Signal extinction ＋ ＝

  16. Radar Radar Radar Radar Radar Radar Rain gauge Rain gauge Rain gauge Rain gauge Rain gauge Rain gauge Validation of X-NET QPE 11:30-20:30UTC, 11 Sep. 2007 12:00-16:30UTC, 29 Jul. 2008 10:30-20:00UTC, 28 Aug. 2008 X-NET X-NET X-NET JMA JMA JMA

  17. r h θ h0 Earth Surface ｒ Radar Metropolitan Area Lowest Beam Height Spatial Resolution Beam broadening Metropolitan Area

  18. X-NET Product: Real-time Wind Information Time change of wind fields at height of 1km during the passage of a cold frontal system (Feb 12, 2008）

  19. SUMMARY • X-NET • X-band research radar network in the Tokyo Met. Area • Provision of high resolution rainfall and wind data • Interactive research activities with end-users (2) Observations • 2007: Preparatory observations were finished • 2008-2010: Full-scale experiments (3) Ongoing works • QPF based on the extrapolation and data assimilation • Application to urban floods, landslides prediction • Database for urban meteorology and hydrology • Algorithms for MLIT operational radar network

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