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Industrializing Cities

Industrializing Cities. Manchester 1843: archetype industrial city. In 1801, London was the only city in the British Isles to have more than 100,000 residents. By 1911, there were 36 such cities In 1851 city dwellers comprised 54 percent of the total population

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Industrializing Cities

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  1. Industrializing Cities Manchester 1843: archetype industrial city

  2. In 1801, London was the only city in the British Isles to have more than 100,000 residents. By 1911, there were 36 such cities In 1851 city dwellers comprised 54 percent of the total population By 1911 this had increased to 79 percent This transition reflects dual influences on the population – the ‘push’ caused by growing rural poverty and the ‘pull’ of new urban opportunities The Growth of Urban Britain

  3. Salford by L S Lowry

  4. Megacities (10 million+ inhabitants) 2015

  5. Overcrowding in urban structures revealed by Census returns from 1801 Not unusual to have 6-12 members of a family living and sleeping in the same room

  6. Poverty and Squalor Blue Gate Fields, 1872. From London: A Pilgrimage by Blanchard Jerrold and GustaveDoré.

  7. Urban archaeologies Lots of urban archaeology in Britain, from late 1940s, but tended to remove modern ‘overburden’ to reveal medieval or Roman remains The Temple of Mithras, Walbrook is a Roman temple whose ruins were discovered in Walbrook, a street in the City of London, during rebuilding work in 1954

  8. Roy Dickens (ed) (1982) Archaeology of Urban America Academic Press Industrialization, bottle consumption, settlement patterns, Public interpretation Edward Staski (ed) 1987 Living in Cities: Current Research in Urban Archaeology . SHA Special Publication New York, Sacramento, Phoenix, Boston, sites explored from colonial period to early 20th century USA – Urban archaeology took off in 1980s

  9. - confronted social and spatial complexity - appreciated plurality and rapid change in urban life - analyzed large and complex assemblages from 19th and 20th century sites US urban archaeologies

  10. New York : Five Points Five Points in 1827 as depicted in Valentine's Manual, 1855

  11. New York : Five Points By the 1820s the expanding work force in Manhattan had created a severe housing shortage. The city began to expand northward with landowners subdividing their houses into rental units

  12. Describing a visit in 1842, Charles Dickens wrote: "This is the place: these narrow ways diverging to the right and left, and reeking every where with dirt and filth. ...The coarse and bloated faces at the doors have counterparts at home and all the wide world over. Debauchery has made the very houses prematurely old. See how the rotten beams are tumbling down, and how the patched and broken windows seem to scowl dimly, like eyes that have been hurt in drunken frays. Many of these pigs live here. Do they ever wonder why their masters walk upright in lieu of going on all-fours? and why they talk instead of grunting?"

  13. New York : Five Points Foley Square Courthouse, erected over part of the old Five Points by the U.S. General Services Administration

  14. Through the study of the artefacts recovered in 1991, the daily lives of the people who lived at Five Points became visible. A team of 17 archaeologists, conservators, and historians analyzed the 850,000 artefacts recovered from the Foley Square courthouse block. A rich story has emerged centred on the working-class residents of Five Points, the neighbourhood's reputation as New York's most notorious slum, and its overcrowded tenement neighbourhood teeming with newly arrived immigrants Rebecca Yamin (left) of John Milner Associates

  15. Overview of 1991 archaeological excavation showing foundations and features on lots 6 and 7 - 472 and 474 Pearl Street Backyard features (abandoned privy shafts, cisterns, wells) are often the focus of urban archaeology. A wealth of information can be derived from people's rubbish—information about their private lives, their personal choices, and even their political allegiances.

  16. Feature O By mid-century Irish and German immigrants crowded into the tenements and apartments along Pearl and Baxter Streets. Feature O, a stone-lined privy, contained trash belonging to the Irish tenants at 474 Pearl Street

  17. Five Points – New York Father Matthew ‘Temperance Cup’

  18. Matching White Granite tea set, made in England, 1840-1860 Transfer-printed ceramics Staffordshire patterns, 1830-1867

  19. Yellow ware mug; transfer-printed child's cup from the ‘Games and Pastimes’ series, England, c. 1820; Luster ware creamer; Yellow ware mug "Old blue" pitcher with Lafayette contemplating the tomb of Franklin, French series, Staffordshire, 1824-1835

  20. The skeletal remains of a Capuchin monkey recovered from Feature H may have belonged to one of the Italian organ grinders who lived at 14 Baxter Street.

  21. The Rocks, Sydney

  22. More than 750,000 items and 30 buildings were excavated at the dig site, between Cumberland and Gloucester Streets, by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority Grace Karskens

  23. Former convict and butcher George Cribb leased a site for his house and slaughter yard from 1809 in what became known as Cribbs LaneHe’d been sentenced to 14 years imprisonment in Australia for being in possession of forged bank notes. . A still was also found during the dig in 1994. At a time when rum and other spirits were considered a de facto currency, such an illegal still could have been considered a sort of money making machine.

  24. The Rocks, Sydney: Cribb’s Yard

  25. The Rocks, Sydney Other stories from the site include that of George Legg and Anne Armsden (their home was known as the arm and leg house). In 1805 George went fishing and disappeared. A shark was found with his hand inside it and a month later Cadigal (aboriginal) people visited Anne to tell her the rest of the body had been found

  26. Alan Mayne and Tim Murray (eds) The Archaeology of Urban Landscapes: Explorations in Slumland. Cambridge University Press 2001

  27. West Oakland, California

  28. A project by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) District 4, involved the reconstruction of a 3.1-mile section of freeway in Oakland and Emeryville, Caltrans contracted with the Anthropological Studies Center at Sonoma State University (ASC) to examine the area of potential effects (APE). The Cypress Archaeology Project database is unprecedented in the West. Over 120 discrete artifact assemblages were recovered and associated with specific households. A wide variety of groups is represented, from unskilled working-class households to upper-middle-class families, immigrants from numerous countries, and native-born whites and African Americans. The I-880 Cypress Freeway Replacement

  29. Putting the "There" There: Historical Archaeologies of West Oaklandhttp://www.sonoma.edu/asc/cypress/finalreport/Mary and Adrian Praetzellis The I-880 Cypress Freeway Replacement

  30. Report focuses on the people of the neighbourhood, with essays on: - the archaeology of gender; - the material culture of the “aristocracy of labor”; - the Overseas Chinese and laundry work; - the archaeology and landscape of lodging; - the archaeology and 150-year history of African Americans in West Oakland The I-880 Cypress Freeway Replacement

  31. Hungate, York www.dighungate.com/

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