A Brief History of Australia

1. A Brief History of Australia This is my brief history of Australi Created by Raymond Singh and Raymond Lam

2. Contents Page Part 3 50000 BC Part 2 1770-1788 1801-1899 Part 4 1660-1642

3. 50000 BC • The first settlers are thought to have arrived around 50,000 years ago. This would have most likely been at a time when the sea levels were low, the land was more humid and animals larger. • Although much of Australia became populated, the central dry areas didn't attract settlers until around 25,000 years ago. The population grew proportionately quicker around 10,000 years ago as the climate improved. 50000 BC

4. Part 2 • At the time of British settlement at Sydney Cove it is estimated that 300,000 aboriginal people, speaking around 250 languages inhabited Australia. • On arrival, finding no obvious political structure, the Europeans took the land as their own. The Indigenous people were driven out of their homes and many killed. Various new European diseases spread rapidly amongst the indigenous people, killing many. The introduction of feral and domestic animals contributed to the destruction of natural habitats. Part 2

5. Part 3 Part 3 • Fighting wiped out the Aboriginal population in Tasmania and greatly reduced the numbers in the rest of Australia. • During the early part of the 20th century legislation's were passed to segregate and protect Aboriginals. This involved restrictions on where they could live and work and families being broken up. • After World War II, assimilation became the governments aim. All rights were taken away from the Aboriginals and attempts made to 'Europeanise' them.

6. Part 4 • During the 1960's the legislation was reviewed and the Federal Government passed legislation for all Aboriginals to be given citizen status. However, it wasn't until 1972 that the indigenous people were given back limited rights to their own land. The situation has been steadily improving for Australia's Indigenous people, although many feel more needs to be done. Part 4

7. 1660-1642 1660-1642 • 1606 • The first European sightings of Australia were made by a Dutchman called Willem Janszoon on the Duyfken (Little Dove). Janszoon sailed into the Australian waters charting 300 km of the coast on the journey. Janszoon also met with the Aboriginal people on the journey. Janszoon was the first recorded European to achieve such feats. Later that year Louis Vaez de Torres sailed through the Torres Strait, named after himself. Both Captains have been recorded as having sighted the Cape York Peninsula. • 1642 • Dutch explorer, Abel Tasman's, first journey to Australia. It was in 1644 that Abel Tasman established that Australia was made up of four coasts North, West, East and South. The Australian state of Tasmania was named after this famous explorer

8. 1770-1788 1770-1788 • 1770 • Captain Cook lands in Botany Bay on the Eastern side of Australia in the ship named HM Bark Endeavour. and claims New South Wales for Britain. • 1788 • The First Fleet arrives at Sydney Cove under Captain Arthur Phillip to establish the first settlement in Australia. This was to be a penal colony - Sydney was founded. The date of his arrival, 26 January, went on to mark Australia Day.

9. 1801-1899 1801-1899 • 1801 - 1899 • The great age of exploration: coastal surveys George Bass ,Mathew Flinders, interior (Sturt, Eyre, Leichhardt, Burke and Willis, McDougall Stuart, Forrest). Also the era of the bushrangers, overlanders, and squatters, and individuals such as William Buckley and Ned Kelly. • Mathew Flinders completes the first voyage around Australia in the 'Investigator

10. Contents Page 2 Didgeridoo Boomerrang and Digeridoo Boomerang Dot Painting First Fleet

11. Boomerang and Didgeridoo These are some thing that the aboriginals made. Boomerrang and Digeridoo

12. Boomerang Boomerang • A hunting boomerang is delicately balanced and much harder to make than a returning one. Probably, the curving flight characteristic of returning boomerangs was first noticed by stone age hunters trying to "tune" their hunting sticks to fly straight. At some point, someone must have noticed the recreational possibilities of a stick that comes back when you throw it away and the rest is history.

13. Didgeridoo Didgeridoo • Whilst some people believe the Aboriginal people of Australia have been using the didgeridoo for 40,000 years or more, archaeological research suggests that the didgeridoo is only about 2000 years old. The evidence of this research comes in the form of rock art studies in the Northern Territory which show images of humans playing the didgeridoo painted on cave walls starting from about 2000 years ago. Before this time, there are no images of didgeridoos or humans playing didgeridoos.

14. Dot Painting Dot Painting • History of Aboriginal Dot PaintingsWhile northern Australia is known for its excellent rock art, many of which were done in the famous X-Ray style, the people of central Australia and western deserts were known for their desert sand art. They used to clear a piece of land, and “paint” a story on sand, using small rocks, flowers, feathers and seeds. All the different shapes in Aboriginal dot paintings had a meaning, and as the elders were painting pictures they sang a Dreamtime song. Young clan members were watching and listening, and learned the story from it. Sand paintings were also used during spiritual ceremonials and other religious rituals. Paintings on the sand didn’t of course last for long, so what there was to learn from them had to be done instantly.

15. First Fleet First Fleet • First Fleet is the name given to the 11 ships which sailed from Great Britain on 13 May 1787 with about 1,487 people, including 778 convicts (192 women and 586 men), to establish the first European colony in Australia, in New South Wales. The fleet was led by Captain (later Admiral) Arthur Phillip. The ships arrived at Botany Bay between 18 and 20 January 1788. HMS Supply arrived on 18 January, The Alexander, Scarborough and Friendship arrived on 19 January and the remaining ships on 20 January 1788.