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Must obtain and use energy -need energy to do everything grow, develop, reproduce…..even sleep.

All living organisms……. Must obtain and use energy -need energy to do everything grow, develop, reproduce…..even sleep. So that’s why babies sleep so much…!!!. Energy Flow. Energy…can be changed from one form to another but it cannot be created nor destroyed…. BIG Ideas in Biology.

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Must obtain and use energy -need energy to do everything grow, develop, reproduce…..even sleep.

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  1. All living organisms…… • Must obtain and use energy -need energy to do everything grow, develop, reproduce…..even sleep. So that’s why babies sleep so much…!!!

  2. Energy Flow Energy…can be changed from one form to another but it cannot be created nor destroyed…

  3. BIG Ideas in Biology 6. Organisms obtain and use energy to carry out their life processes

  4. Energy Flow -troph=To Nourish Sun Autotroph Heterotroph Continuous Flow

  5. =To Nourish (Food) • Heterotrophs: -organisms that get energy by consuming and digesting food into useable molecules.

  6. Who is heterotrophic? -some bacteria -some protist -all fungi -all animals

  7. Heterotrophs must display a metabolism. Metabolism = the rate of two chemical reactions required to breakdown food and use the food for energy and to make new materials. High vs. Low

  8. Catabolism + Anabolism = Metabolism To put together to make new materials To breakdown/digest food

  9. Cellular respiration – Animals & Plants sugar + O2 ATP energy + CO2 + H2O + Heat Storage form of energy used by a cell to do “work” Break Down Sugar Glycolysis-metabolic process that “breaks down” carbohydrates & sugars creating ATP (energy)

  10. Cell

  11. How photosynthesis and cell respiration work together:

  12. How photosynthesis and cell respiration work together: Cell Respiration sugar + oxygen ATP energy + carbon dioxide + water + heat Photosynthesis Sun + carbon dioxide + water  sugar + oxygen + water

  13. Where does cellular respiration take place? • In the MITOCHONDRIA of each and every cell in a living organism: Protist, Fungi, Plant and Animals

  14. Mitochondria: 1. cell’s powerhouse/body-builder 2. place where the cell converts food into energy 3. found in ALL eukaryotic cells (plant & animal)

  15. 4. site of cellular respiration sugar + O2  ATP energy + CO2 + H2O + Heat Storage form of energy used by a cell to do “work” -12 to 1000 mitochondria per cell -plant cells have less than animal cells Why? -less active -require less energy Which cells in our body would have the most mitochondria? -muscle cells ~ very active

  16. Mitochondria are made up of 2 membranes: -outer membrane -inner membranes = cristae

  17. Cristae increase the surface area so more energy can be produced without taking up too much room Analogy: versus

  18. Breathing/Respiration = O2 in, CO2 out 

  19. Where does the oxygen go once we inhale and feel up our lungs? • Oxygen gets absorbed into our blood and the blood then takes the oxygen to each and EVERY CELL of our body • Where does the carbon dioxide come from that we exhale? • carbon dioxide is produced when sugar and oxygen is broken down into ATP energy, carbon dioxide and water

  20. Cell Respiration Sugar “E” = the ATP being cashed in for cellular energy.

  21. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration • So far – Aerobic= oxygen • No oxygen is present?!? Anaerobic • Yeast Demo • Fermentation

  22. Autotrophs: -organisms which make their own food through the process of photosynthesis -convert light energy to chemical energy (sugar) Sun + CO2 +H2OC6H12O6 + O2

  23. Who is Autotrophic? -some bacteria -some protists -all plants

  24. Where does the sugars we eat for quick energy come from??? • Plants through the process of……… • Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis takes place where in a plant cell? -in the chloroplast

  25. Chloroplast -Found only in plant-like cells -site of photosynthesis Sun + CO2 +H2OC6H12O6 + O2 (sugar)

  26. -Trap energy of the sun & convert it into sugars which can be: 1. stored by the plant 2. broken down in the mitochondria into ATP energy Plant store sugar in their fruits, stems, and roots.

  27. Thylakoids: plate-like structures which collect the sun’s energy Grana or Granum: Stacks of thylakoids 10 to 100/chloroplast Stroma: Liquid part of the chloroplast Lumen: Inside thylakoids ~ contains chlorophyll

  28. ROY G BIV Absorbs: -all spectrums of light but green is reflected

  29. The BIG Picture

  30. Bioenergetics - ATP Cells need energy to…? • Grow • Develop • Reproduce • Obtain More Energy • Use That Energy • Respond to Their Environments • In other words, cells need energy to carry out millions of chemical reactions • Cells need energy for EVERYTHING

  31. TransFORMATION of ENERGY • Among the most important processes carried out at the cellular level is the transformation of energy -How energy changes from one form to another

  32. Work Energy to Heat Energy

  33. PSN, CR and Food Chains

  34. PSN, CR and Food Chains

  35. PSN, CR and Food Chains CR CR CR PSN CR

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