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Data Collection

Data Collection. 11/27/2012. Readings. Chapter 8 Correlation and Linear Regression (Pollock) ( pp 199- 206) Chapter 6 Foundations of Statistical Inference (Pollock) ( pp 122-135). Homework. Homework Due 11/29 Chapter 8 Question 1: A, B,C,D Question 2: A, B, C, D, E

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Data Collection

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  1. Data Collection 11/27/2012

  2. Readings • Chapter 8 Correlation and Linear Regression (Pollock) (pp 199- 206) • Chapter 6 Foundations of Statistical Inference (Pollock) (pp 122-135)

  3. Homework • Homework Due 11/29 • Chapter 8 • Question 1: A, B,C,D • Question 2: A, B, C, D, E • Question 3: A, B, C • Question 4: A, B, C, D • Question 5: A, B, C, D, E, G

  4. Opportunities to discuss course content

  5. Office Hours For the Week • When • Wednesday 11-1 • Thursday 8-12 • And by appointment

  6. Course Learning Objectives • Students will learn the basics of polling and be able to analyze and explain polling and survey data • Fourth, students will learn the basics of research design and be able to critically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different types of design.

  7. Observation

  8. Observation • What is it • Types of Observation

  9. Problems of Observation • Reactivity • Ethics

  10. Which Method to use?

  11. The Literature Review

  12. What it Should Contain • Bring the reader up to speed on the status of the research (what has been done) • Establish face validity (why I am using these variables) • Point out potential problems with previous research

  13. What it should Contain • what are the main texts in this area • what are the general theories in this area • how has the question been measured in the past

  14. Interviewing and Sampling

  15. Questionnaire Construction

  16. Question Style • Open Ended (advantages & disadvantages) • Closed Ended (advantages & disadvantages)

  17. Demographic Questions • Who are you? • These tend to be overrated • Don’t get too personal!

  18. Behavior Questions • What do you do, and how often? • Knowing behavior is a good dependent and independent variable

  19. Opinion and Attitude Questions • What do you think? • Easy to Answer

  20. Knowledge/Factual Questions • Use sparingly

  21. Question Order is Key • Intro and Filter • First Questions • Major Questions • Final Questions- demographics

  22. How you should Phrase Questions • Language (be clear) • One question 1 concept

  23. Information Level

  24. Bias

  25. Interviewer Bias • You can’t use inflections • You can’t give hints- • “Amber, do you think the Bill of Rights is a good thing or a bad thing?” – Krusty the Klown“Um . . .” – Amber Dempsey“Take your time, dear.” – Krusty the Klown“Good thing!” – Amber Dempsey

  26. Respondent Bias • Socially Acceptable Questions • Always Remember Homer Simpson's Code of the Schoolyard • Don't tattle • Always make fun of those different from you.  • Never say anything, unless you're sure everyone feels exactly the same way you do.

  27. Question Bias • Leading Questions • Honey Boo BooRedux • Confusing Questions • Does it seem possible or does it seem impossible to you that the Nazi extermination of the Jews never happened?

  28. A bad question • 1. What do you think is the most important issue currently facing St. Edward’s University? a. Grounds keeping b. Landscaping c. Heating d. Athletic Field Maintenance

  29. Another One If you had to make up the SEU Budget, and could only keep one of the following activities which of the items would you keep? a. Faculty Travel Budget b. Expanded Library Hours c. Reduced parking rates for faculty d. Discounted tickets for Topper Club members

  30. Info Level problem With the problems of “mad cow” disease and potential problems with the existing BGH growth hormone, do you agree that Texas Taxpayers should stop funding tests using the experimental BVT growth hormone on Texas Livestock a. Agree b. Disagree. c. Don't Know

  31. Ensuring Reliability and Validity • Pre-Test • Pilot Test

  32. Sampling After we write the survey, we have to select people!

  33. The Source of Public Opinion Sampling

  34. What is a population • The opinions of everyone in your group • The Census includes 225 Million Adults • Cost 11.8 billion dollars • Takes years to compile

  35. What is Sampling? • Sampling is the technique of selecting a representative part of a population to estimate the total population

  36. The Sample • A sample is considerably smaller than the total population. • Samples that are said to mirror the population are said to be representative.

  37. These Numbers Have to be drawn properly… or it is not representative

  38. The Concept of Sampling • Blood Tests • Food Tests

  39. Collecting a sample • Population • Sampling Frame • The Sample itself

  40. The Practicality of Sampling • Time • Money • Size

  41. The Laws of Sampling • The Law of Large Numbers • if cost is not a major consideration it is better to collect data for ones target population than for a sample thereof • if cost dictates that a sample be drawn, a probability sample is usually preferable to a nonprobability sample. • all probability samples yield estimates of the target population.  • The accuracy of estimates is expressed in terms of the margin or error and the confidence level.

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