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MASA 2007 Midwinter Conference

MASA 2007 Midwinter Conference. January 24-26, 2007 Radisson Plaza Hotel Kalamazoo, Michigan. The 70% Factor: “The Effects of Family Member Incarceration and Other Risk Factors on Subgroup Achievement Levels”. Presenters. Donald B. Weatherspoon, Ph.D Special Assistant to the Director

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MASA 2007 Midwinter Conference

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  1. MASA2007 Midwinter Conference January 24-26, 2007 Radisson Plaza Hotel Kalamazoo, Michigan

  2. The 70% Factor:“The Effects of Family Member Incarceration and Other Risk Factors on Subgroup Achievement Levels”

  3. Presenters Donald B. Weatherspoon, Ph.D Special Assistant to the Director Michigan Department of Corrections weathedb@michigan.gov 517-373-4267 Kit Spring, Educational Consultant Kit@KitSpring.com www.KitSpring.com 906-632-8088

  4. The Impetus for Our Session

  5. Our Objectives To give an overview of potential risk factors for subgroups To identify potential intervention avenues not presently in place To discuss the residual effects of family member incarceration on students and the potential impact on achievement levels

  6. More Objectives….. • Lessons from “behind the walls” such as decoding strategies that help strengthen connections • How to recognize signs of gangs and gang-like behavior and how they may impact school operations and student achievement • 8 factors that young prisoners and students at risk have in common

  7. Some ????? For You • Students/clients of two or more public service providers? • Five risk factors affecting achievement levels by 4th grade? • Number of children in Michigan who have a parent in prison? • Calls for domestic violence by parents in your district? • Safe schools policies, procedures that address bullying or gang-like behaviors?

  8. Michigan Prison Facilities • 42 facilities -various security levels • 10 minimum-security camps • 49,539 males • 2,191 females • 4,959 prisoners with life sentences

  9. MICHIGAN PRISONERS • Average Age for Men 36 • Average Age for Women 37 • Total age 17 or less 117 • 52% are Black • 45.1% are Caucasian • 2.9% are American Indian, Hispanic or Asians

  10. Characteristics of Prisoners • Average age at first attention of authorities : Men 14 Female 15 • Psychiatric history 12,966 • Single at arrest 42,351 • No employment skills 32,677 • Nationally, approximately 82% of prisoners are high school dropouts • Of youthful offenders, between 70% and 87% have learning or emotional disabilities • Large numbers are illiterate and struggle with basic math

  11. Michigan Incarceration Costs FY06 • $1,878,447,100 Gross Appropriation • 17,510.2 FTEs • $53,085,700 Average payroll per pay period • $33,860,700 Education Appropriation • 410.5 appropriated education staff (362 positions filled) • 12,066 currently enrolled in school (8,435 academic, 308 sp.ed., 2564 CTE, 759 pre-release)

  12. $35,000 per year per inmate Cost to tax payers: 25 cents of every dollar (not counting state school aid)

  13. Michigan Prisoner Re-entry Initiative (MPRI) • About 13,000 released each year • About 53% of all prisoners have children in school – 70% of these children are likely to end up in prison themselves • At least 25,000 children of incarcerated parents in your schools • Impact on many classrooms in heavy re-entry areas

  14. Office of Offender Re-entry, Policy & Strategic Planning Administration Contacts: Jim Yarborough (517) 335-3638 Yolanda Perez (517) 241-6493 Nancy Dargan (517) 241-6005 MPRI Pilot Sites

  15. Geographic Distribution of Released Prisoners Number of Prisoners Released to Parole by County: 2003 • Total releases in 2003*: 13,045 • Total releases to parole in Michigan = 10,771 (shown on map) • 63% returned to the six counties • 34% (3,702) returned to Wayne County • 4 to 8% returned to Oakland, Kent, Genesee, Macomb and Muskegon Counties * Total releases include paroles and discharges on the maximum sentence. 4

  16. Percent of Releases <2% 2 - 4% 4 - 6% 7.2% Distribution of Released Prisonersto Wayne County by Zip Code • 3,702 (34%) of paroled prisoners return to Wayne County • 80% of paroled prisoners returned to Detroit • 41% returned to the eight zip codes • Those 8 zip codes accounted for 17.5% of Wayne County’spopulation Source: Urban Institute Analysis of MDOC Data

  17. 1st Round Pilot Sites FY 2006 Northern Michigan • Macomb County • Wayne County • Kalamazoo County • Kent County • Capital Area • Genesee County • Berrien County • Northern Michigan Genesee County Kent County Capital Area Kalamazoo County Wayne County Berrien County Macomb County

  18. 2nd Round Pilot Sites FY 2007 Saginaw County • Oakland • St. Clair • Saginaw • Washtenaw • Jackson • Calhoun • Muskegon Muskegon County St. Clair County Calhoun County Oakland County Jackson County Washtenaw County 2

  19. STAYING OUT IS A LOT HARDER THAN GETTING OUT 22

  20. Michigan Prisoner ReEntry Initiative www.michigan.gov/corrections Select MPRI Web Site: 23

  21. How Did Some of Those People Get to Prison? And – what does it have to do with you??????

  22. DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION BY TYPE OF OFFENSE NYS: TOTAL SAMPLE Minor Delinquency .64 Alcohol Use .93 .95 Marijuana Use .99 .63 .99 Illicit INDEX CRIME .67 Polydrug .85 Use Aggravated .86 Assault Robbery .72 .92 Rape Adapted from Elliott, D.S., 1994. Serious Violent Offenders: Onset, Developmental SOURCE: Center for the Study & Prevention of Violence Course and Termination. Criminology , 32:1-22. NIH10: 07-23-96

  23. Projected Incarceration Rates (BJS 2001) Based on 2001 projections, 1 in every 37 Americans may be imprisoned • 1 of every 3 black males • 1 of every 6 Hispanics • 1 of every 17 white males • 1 of every .9% white females • 1 of every 5.6% black females

  24. Characteristics Of Projected Prison Populations • 53% will have children in public schools • Over 85% will return to civilian status • 48% will have been involved in drug related crimes • Approximately 75% of incarcerated women will be mothers with 2/3 having children under age 18 • Approximately 6% of women entering prison will be pregnant

  25. When You Sentence Someone To Prison, You Sentence The Whole Family! There are over 3.6 million incarcerated parents in federal, state or local jails; 56% have 2.3 million children

  26. When You Sentence Someone To Prison, You Sentence The Whole Family! Cont’d… • 58% of children of incarcerated parents are under 10 years of age • 8 years of age is the mean • 48% of state incarcerated parents were never married • 25%-28% are divorced/separated • 23% of state inmates are married

  27. When You Sentence Someone To Prison, You Sentence The Whole Family! Cont’d… • 7% of state inmates have a high school diploma (varies by state); • 30% will obtain a GED while in prison; • 13% of state inmates report some college education.

  28. Who Assumes Responsibility For Children When Parents Are Incarcerated? • In 90% of the cases at the state level the mother provides care if the father is imprisoned. • Fathers assume responsibility between 28-31% if the mother is imprisoned. • Grandparents-53%. • Other kin-folk between 26%-34% of the time. • Friends-10%-12%. • Foster care >4%.

  29. How Do Kids React When a Parent is Incarcerated?

  30. Why Should We Be Concerned?The chances of a child going to prison are: 70% if either parent is incarcerated 37.5% if either parent is involved in crime 8% if neither parent is involved in crime

  31. National Center for Educational Statistics Study 2004

  32. Five Lost Boys from MichiganAnd What They Have in Common Non-traditional family Trouble escalated in sixth grade Drug involvement Need to be recognized and admired Gang or gang-like behavior Poor attendance/high school drop out No remorse Perception of teachers

  33. Risk and Resiliency Factors“The Nightmare That Keeps on Giving” • In the youth/child • In the environment

  34. Risk and Resiliency Factors (Within the Youth/Child) • Genetics • Personality • Physical Health

  35. Risk and Resiliency Factors (Within the Environment) • Immediate Family • Social/peer • Neighborhood/ Community/ School • Individual’s Interaction with Environment

  36. Other Emerging Risk Factors • The “New Poor” • Pool of students with achievement challenges will increase due to new graduation requirements • 2014 NCLB requirements as they relate to districts in MPRI pilot areas • Gap between what students learn on their own via technology, what they could be learning via technology and what the schools are actually providing via technology

  37. Some things we can do…

  38. Classroom/Building Management Tips • Exerting authority vs working smart in dealing with discipline • Respect standing with peers • Find common ground to establish rapport • Teasing is dangerous • Think before you speak • Know your staff/students so you can recognize changes due to stress/burnout

  39. Safety Strategies from the Inside:A Different Way of Thinking • Environmental scans • Tool control • Inventory control • Know your customers • Professional development • Communication is key

  40. Strengthening linkages • Inventory of free partners- blending of public, private, and faith-based resources available to school district • Long term cost reduction

  41. Decoding Strategies • Language • Music • Dress • Activities • Use of technology • Cultural uniqueness • Perspective

  42. Power of Choice

  43. Think about this……. • At least 30,000 gangs, with 800,000 members • Gangs are spreading to urban and rural areas • Gangs are the primary distributors of illegal drugs on the streets of the United States

  44. What Do You Need to Know About Gangs?

  45. Definition of a Gang “Any ongoing organization, association or group of three or more persons, whether formal or informal, having one of its primary activities the commission of one or more…criminal acts.”

  46. So – What’s the Deal with Gangs? • Organized around race or ethnic group, money-making or territory • Usually claim a particular “turf” • Most males from 8-22 yrs • Most wear particular items, styles, brands or colors of clothing • Most use special hand signs • Gangs are not around to help you

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