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Pharmacology

Pharmacology. KNR 365. Pharmacology Defined. The study of drugs, their sources, their nature, and their properties. Pharmacology is the study of the body's reaction to drugs. Why important for TR/RT? Impact on interventions Team discussions Administration. Names. Drugs may have 4 names

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Pharmacology

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  1. Pharmacology KNR 365

  2. Pharmacology Defined • The study of drugs, their sources, their nature, and their properties. Pharmacology is the study of the body's reaction to drugs. • Why important for TR/RT? • Impact on interventions • Team discussions • Administration

  3. Names • Drugs may have 4 names • Trademark name • Official name • Chemical name • Generic name

  4. Routes of Administration • Oral (PO) • Must withstand acidic environment of stomach • Must permeate the gut lining before entering the blood stream • Sublingual • Absorbed under the tongue • Stomach is bypassed

  5. Routes of Administration • Rectal (PR) • Unconscious or vomiting or small children • Absorption is unreliable • Inhalation • Rapid absorption • Some in devices with metered doses

  6. Routes of Administration • Topical • Used for local delivery • Used if toxic effects if administered systematically • Transdermal • Patch • Drugs seeps out through skin and capillary bed

  7. Routes of Administration • Intravenous (IV) • Injected directly into blood stream • Rapid action • Intramuscular (IM) • Passes through capillary walls to enter blood stream • Subcutaneous • Injected beneath the skin

  8. Based on research • Efficacy • Degree drug is able to induce maximal effects • Drug A vs. drug B • Potency • Amount of drug needed to produce 50% of maximal response • Morphine more potent than codeine

  9. Drug Interactions • Altered absorptions • Antiulcer drugs coasts stomach may decrease GI absorption of other drugs • Altered metabolism • Altered excretion • Drugs may act on kidneys

  10. Other terms • Tolerance • Decreased response to a drug • Drug must be increased to get same effect • Dependence • Needs a drug to function normally • Cessation produces withdrawal symptoms • Physical or psychological • Withdrawal • When drug is no longer given to dependent person • Opposite effects of drug

  11. Importance of Patient Profile • Age (infants, elderly) • Pregnancy or nursing • Smoking and drinking habits • Lower than expected drug concentration • Drug reaches toxic concentrations • Liver or kidney disease (common in geriatric population) • Failing kidneys excrete fewer drug • Failing livers metabolize drugs poorly

  12. Importance of Patient Profile • Pharmacogenetics • Genetic differences between patients • Drug interactions • Psychosocial factors • Poor patient compliance • Cost • Ease of administration • Dose schedule • Olson, 2011

  13. Austin, 2009 chpt 10 • Diabetes • Seizures • Psychotropic drugs

  14. WebMDhttp://www.webmd.com/ • Health conditions • Drugs & supplements • Medications • Warning, Uses, Side Effects, Interaction, Overdose • Supplements • Symptom checker • WebMD for Android, iPhone, & iPad (Free)

  15. Practice • Use Olson to find definition of COPD and medications • Use WebMD to find definition and treatment • Compare/contrast both sources • Use WebMD to find AtroventInhl • What is it used for? • What are the side effects & interactions? • What if the client is using Lisinopril Oral? (what is this for?) • Uses, side effects, precautions, interactions • What if the client is using Glucosamine Oral? (what is this for?) • Uses, side effects, precautions, interactions • What medication is 5 sided and peach color?

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