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Nucleic Acids DNA vs. RNA

Nucleic Acids DNA vs. RNA. Chapter 12-3. Nucleic Acids. There are 2 types of nucleic acids. DNA RNA All living organisms have both DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. They carry genetic information. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Double-stranded Sugar = deoxyribose

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Nucleic Acids DNA vs. RNA

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  1. Nucleic AcidsDNA vs. RNA Chapter 12-3

  2. Nucleic Acids • There are 2 types of nucleic acids. • DNA • RNA • All living organisms have both DNA and RNA. • Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. • They carry genetic information.

  3. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Double-stranded Sugar = deoxyribose Nucleotide Bases: Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine RNA Ribonucleic acid Single-stranded Sugar = ribose Nucleotide Bases: Adenine Uracil Guanine Cytosine DNA vs. RNA

  4. DNA

  5. DNA Nitrogen Bases • G bonds to C • A bonds to T • G and A are purines • C and T are pyrimidines

  6. DNA Nucleotide Structure

  7. DNA Double Helix • 2 strands wrapped around each other • Strands are twisted because of the bonding of pyrimidines to purines

  8. DNA Double Helix • Strands are oriented in opposite directions • 3’ to 5’ OR 5’ to 3’

  9. Function of DNA • DNA can be copied, but that does NOT explain how a gene works. • DNA contains coded instructions for making proteins. • The first step of making proteins is decoding the genetic messages by copying the nucleotide sequence from DNA into RNA.

  10. RNA

  11. RNA Nucleotide Structure Ribose

  12. RNA Single Helix • 1 twisted strand • 3 Types • mRNA — Messenger RNA • tRNA — Transfer RNA • rRNA — Ribosomal RNA

  13. Functions of RNA • In most cells RNA molecules have just one job — protein synthesis. • All 3 types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis. • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. • The assembly of amino acids is controlled by RNA.

  14. mRNA • Messenger RNA serve as messengers from DNA to the rest of the cell. • They carry copies of the instructionsfound on genes.

  15. tRNA • tRNA takes the messages from mRNA and decodes them for the ribosome. • During the construction of a protein, transfer RNA transfers each amino acid to the ribosome.

  16. rRNA • Proteins are assembled on ribosomes. • Ribosomes are made up of ribosomal RNA. • Ribosomal RNA helps build the actual protein. • rRNA puts together the amino acid messages carried by mRNA and decoded by tRNA.

  17. DNA RNA Both DNA vs. RNA Venn Diagram

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