1 / 19

Muscle Study Questions

Mader Chapter 7 1-5 on page 133. Muscle Study Questions. 1. Name & describe the 3 types of muscles, & give a general location for each type (p. 111). Skeletal – voluntary (attached to skeleton) Cardiac – involuntary (heart) Smooth – involuntary (walls of hollow internal organs).

muncel
Download Presentation

Muscle Study Questions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Mader Chapter 7 1-5 on page 133 Muscle Study Questions

  2. 1. Name & describe the 3 types of muscles, & give a general location for each type (p. 111) • Skeletal – voluntary (attached to skeleton) • Cardiac – involuntary (heart) • Smooth – involuntary (walls of hollow internal organs)

  3. 2. List & discuss 4 functions of muscles. (p 111) • Produce movement – picking up an object • Resist movement – posture, blood pressure (Newton’s 3rdLaw: muscles generate a force (static tension) that exactly opposes and equal but opposite force being applied to a body part • Generate heat – contraction of our muscles accounts for > 75% of all heat generated by the body – shivering thermogenesis • Stabilizing joints – stabilize & strengthen

  4. 3. Describe the anatomy of a muscle, from the whole muscle to the myofilamentsw/in a sarcomere. Name the layers of fascia that cover a skeletal muscle & divide the muscle interior. (p 113) • A group of many individual cells, all w/same origin and insertion and all with the same function (p. 115) • Arranged in bundles called fascicles • Each bundle is enclosed in a sheath of fibrous connective tissue called fascia • Each fascicle contains 12 to 1000s of individual muscle cells – called muscle fibers • The outer surface of the whole muscle is covered with several more layers of fascia – at the ends all come together forming tendons

  5. Muscle Cells to sarcomere • Tube shaped 3 cm – 30 cm (thigh) • Can contain more than one nucleus just under the cell membrane (skeletal) • Nearly entire cell is packed with long cylindrical structures in parallel called myofibrils • Myofibrils are packed with contractile proteins called actin and myosin • When myofibrils contract the muscle cell also contracts

  6. Myofibrils = muscle fibers • Each skeletal muscle fiber is a long, cylindrical cell w/multiple oval nuclei just beneath the sarcolemma (plasma membrane) surface • Fibers are large, 10 to 100 m in diameter, and up to hundreds of centimeters long • Sarcoplasm, similar to cytoplasm of other cells, but has numerous glycosomes (=organelle full of glycogen) and a unique oxygen-binding protein called myoglobin, similar to hemoglobin

  7. Sarcomere = contractile unit (6)sarco – Gk for “flesh”

  8. Sarcomere / contractile unit (6) • A single myofibril within one muscle cell (in your biceps) can contain > 100,000 sarcomeres arranged end to end. • 100,000 sarcomeres all shortening at once produces a muscle contraction • Understanding muscle shortening is simply understanding how a single sarcomere works

  9. Sarcomere = contractile unit From Z to shining Z

  10. Sarcomerestructure • 2 kinds of proteins • Myosin – thick filaments interspersed @ regular intervals with a different protein • Actin – thin filaments that are structurally linked to the Z-line • Myosin filaments are completely contained within the sarcomere • Muscle contractions depend on the interaction of these 2 filaments

  11. 4. List the sequential events that occur when a nerve impulse reaches a muscle. • Nerves activate skeletal muscles • Activation releases calcium • Calcium starts the sliding filament mechanism • Contraction ends when nerve activation ends • Sliding filament model of contraction

  12. http://video.google.com/videosearch?ndsp=18&um=1&hl=en&q=sliding%20filament%20of%20contraction&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=iv#http://video.google.com/videosearch?ndsp=18&um=1&hl=en&q=sliding%20filament%20of%20contraction&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=iv# • grants.hhp.coe.uh.edu/clayne/6397/Unit3.htm

  13. 5. How is ATP supplied to muscles? What is oxygen debt? (p. 114) • Lots of mitochondria form ATP by aerobic cellular respiration • Muscles contain creatine phosphate (high E storage supply) used to regenerate ATP indirectly • ATP produced anaerobically when oxygen supply is limited

  14. Oxygen Debt • Continued intake of oxygen (panting) to complete the metabolism of lactic acid (built up anaerobically) • Lactic acid is transported to the liver and broken down into carbon dioxide and water

More Related