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Understanding Taxonomy and Biological Classification

Learn about the science of classification and how it is used to organize and categorize living things. Discover the levels of classification, the importance of domains, and the evolution of our classification system. Understand the use of binomial nomenclature and the significance of genus and species in scientific naming.

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Understanding Taxonomy and Biological Classification

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  1. What is TAXONOMY? • The science of classification.

  2. What is CLASSIFICATION? • To organize or put into groups • To categorize

  3. What is BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION? • To organize or put LIVING THINGS into groups • To categorize LIVING THINGS

  4. How do we use classification in everyday life?

  5. organize Study roles and relationships study the evolutionary history of organisms (phylogeny). Why do we classify living things?

  6. Physical and behavioral traits or characteristics. How do we classify living things? What do we look at?

  7. We currently use the Linnaean taxonomic system, in honor of Swedish biologist Carolus Linnaeus who first developed this method of breaking down organisms. This system breaks down the domains into seven major divisions, and is called TAXONOMY. Levels of Classification

  8. Levels of Classification

  9. It’s all about the CELLS!! What is a DOMAIN?

  10. Eukaryote vs Prokaryote? EU = DO PRO = NO

  11. Identifying Characteristics • Prokaryote or Eukaryote? • Cells without or with a nucleus? • Unicellular or Multicellular? • Organisms made up of one cell or many cells? • Autotroph or Heterotroph? • Organisms that can make their own food or depend on other organisms for food?

  12. The Evolution of Our Classification System • The Linnaean System is used by scientists all over the world, but has been expanded to include new and different living things as they are discovered. It will continue to grow as human knowledge grows.

  13. The number of kingdoms was under debate, depending on how scientists interpreted research. Most scientists separate the Moneran (bacteria) into two domains and two kingdoms. Archeabacteria Eubacteria The Kingdom Debate

  14. The scientific way to name living things with a two part Latin name. Each organism is given two names, a generic name (genus) and a specific name (species). Together the generic and specific name of an organism are its scientific name.  Binomial Nomenclature Hydra vulgaris

  15. Latin is a universal language. Having a universal system of binomial nomenclature allows scientists to speak the same language when referring to living things, and avoids the confusion of multiple common names that may differ based on region, culture or native language.   Why Latin? • Common Names – gray wolf, arctic wolf, western wolf, timber wolf, tundra wolf • Scientific Name – Canis lupus

  16. italicized, or, if hand-written, underlined genus is capitalized species name is lower case For example, the proper format for the scientific name of humans is Homo sapiens.   How do we know it’s a scientific name?

  17. In biology, it is the classification lower than ‘family’ and higher than ‘species’. In other words, genus is a more general taxonomic category than is species. For example, the generic name Ursus represents brown bears, polar bears and black bears.​​ What is a GENUS?

  18. What is a SPECIES? • second part of a scientific name, and refers to one species within a genus • a group of organisms that have similar characteristics and can successfully breed to produce fertile offspring • In the genus Ursus, there are a number of different bear species, including Ursus arctos, the brown bear, Ursus americanus, the American black bear and Ursus maritimus, the polar bear.

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