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Fundamentals of Networking

Fundamentals of Networking. Discovery 1, Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP. Objectives. Explain what the Internet is and how we connect to it using an ISP Explain how information is sent across the Internet through an ISP

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Fundamentals of Networking

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  1. Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP

  2. Objectives • Explain what the Internet is and how we connect to it using an ISP • Explain how information is sent across the Internet through an ISP • Describe & identify the components of an ISP Network Operations Center • Identify the different types of cables and connectors for connecting the devices in the NOS • Construct & terminate twisted pair cables and determine the type of cable needed

  3. What this Chapter is About… • Every day people are online • We need to communicate • Internet Service Providers (ISP) • Make this possible • Web of service providers • You’ll see: • Why ISP’s are necessary • The Network Operations Centers

  4. What is the Internet? • Worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating with each other to exchange information using common standards • Network of networks that connects users in every country in the world • Do this through: • Wireless, fiber, telephone lines, satellite & more

  5. The Internet • Who owns it? • No one • What allows computers to communicate? • Protocols • There are several organizations that help manage it • Standards • Addressing

  6. Imagine… • What would the Internet be like if no organization granted domain names? • Might have 1000 www.nintendo.com sites • What other areas did standards help in? • Mobile web (other browsers) • Any device with browser can access Internet • Use of various devices to access web

  7. Internet Organizations • ISOC Internet Society • Central leadership organization • IETF Internet Engineering Task Force • Proposes solutions to Internet problems • Recommends protocol standards • IRTF Internet Research Task Force • Researches future of Internet • How to handle transmissions during disaster • IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority • Bookkeeper of who addresses are assigned to

  8. ISP’s • What’s an ISP? • Company that provides connections & support to access the Internet • You MUST go through an ISP to get on the Internet • Name yours & others

  9. ISP Services • What other services do ISP’s provide? • Internet access • Domain name registration • Web hosting • Transit to all over • Internet is a series of ISP’s connected to one another

  10. Connect to the ISP through POP • Point of Presence • Between your LAN & the ISP • Where you get the ISP’s services- closest point of connection

  11. High Speed Backbone

  12. Maps & Videos • http://www.telegeography.com/maps/index.php • Video 1- http://youtu.be/XQVzU_YQ3IQ • Video 2- http://youtu.be/v1JEuzBkOD8 • Video 3- http://youtu.be/m6qTk5WNq9E

  13. Review • Describe the Internet. • What does ISP stand for? • Internet Service Provider • What does an ISP do? • Provides connection to the Internet • What is the connection point between the ISP and your LAN? • POP

  14. Options for Connecting to the ISP • Dial-up- slowest, telephone lines • Cell Phone Modem-decently fast • DSL- high speed over phone lines • Cable Modem- high speed over cable lines • Leased Line- high speed over dedicated digital lines, for businesses, T1 • Satellite- medium speeds

  15. Connecting to the ISP • Modem is used to connect to ISP • You may have an ISR to connect multiple computers to the modem

  16. ISP Service Levels • Home Service • Slower speed • Less expensive • Less web space • Fewer email addresses • Business Class • Faster speed • More expensive • More web space • More email addresses • SLA (Service Level Agreements) • Network availability terms • Service response time • Link

  17. Data • Data is uploaded or downloaded • Define each • There are two types of services for data transfer • Usually home is different than business

  18. Asymmetric Service • Download transfer rate is different from upload rate • Common in homes, most Internet users • Download is faster

  19. Symmetric Service • Download transfer rate is same as upload rate • Common in businesses or hosting servers • Great for uploading lots of video, data, graphics

  20. Which ISP?

  21. End of Day One Activity • Handout Research • Go home & test your speed HW! • http://www.speedtest.net

  22. Review • Name some features that a business class ISP service would offer that home service does not. • Describe asymmetric service. • Describe symmetric service. • What is a POP? • Connection between LAN & ISP • What’s the high speed links that connect ISPs called? • Backbone

  23. The Importance of IP • Internet Protocol • IP carries what you do on the Internet • With others, like TCP/IP • Uses packets to carry data • MUST have source & destination IP address in packet • Routers read them

  24. IP Packet • Header contains the IP addresses & control info for routers • Sometimes called a datagram • IP addresses MUST be unique • ISP gets blocks of addresses from Internet Registry • Then they manage & split them up

  25. How an ISP handles Packets • Message is divided into smaller packets • 64-1500 bytes • Downloading a 1 MB song requires over 600 packets of 1500 bytes each • ISP determines whether packet is for local ISP service or for remote network

  26. NOC • Controls traffic flow • Uses destination IP • Passes from router to router • Has services (web hosting, email)

  27. NOC- Monitoring

  28. NOC- AT &T Monitoring

  29. Network Utilities- Ping • Ping • End-to-end connectivity • Round trip time • ICMP echo request

  30. Network Utilities- Traceroute • Traces path from source to destination • Displays each hop • Shows where problem is • In windows, tracert

  31. Traceroute • http://visualroute.visualware.com/

  32. Activities • Packet Tracer 4.2.3.2- Observe Packet Travel • Lab 4.2.3.3- Use ping, traceroute, visual traceroute and whois to check connectivity and IP addresses and learn more about how packets travel through the Internet.

  33. Review

  34. The Internet Cloud- 4.3.1 • Many routes to a destination • Bad router- take the back road! • Cloud represents Internet or another network

  35. Devices in the Cloud • More than just routers in cloud • Technology at home must match tech at ISP • DSL connects to a DSLAM (access multiplexer) • Cable Modem connects to a CMTS (termination system) • Analog dial-up modem access • Wireless access

  36. Devices in the Cloud

  37. Devices in the Cloud- At ISP • Must have equipment to connect to other ISPs • Must handle lots of traffic, near 100% uptime, redundant

  38. Activity- NOC Equipment

  39. Review • A DSLAM is needed at the ISP for which technology? • DSL • What does DSL stand for? • Digital Subscriber Line • A CMTS is needed for which technology? • Cable Modem • What do you need to connect to the Internet? • IP Address, default Gateway, connection to a network, and an ISP to connect you

  40. ISP Equipment Requirements • Servers to provide services • Need steady, reliable power • UPS

  41. ISP Equipment Requirements • Air & humidity levels • Cable management • Protect from damage & kept organized

  42. Review

  43. Common Network Cables • What’s another name for cable? • Medium • Channel • Copper • Fiber Optic • Wireless

  44. Network Cables We’ll Discuss

  45. Twisted Pair Cabling • Electricity over the copper wires • Pairs twisted inside jacket • Can get EMI • Crosstalk on long runs • Signal jump cables • Cat 5 has 3-4 twists per inch • Makes it more resistant to interference

  46. Kinds of Twisted Pair • UTP • Electricity • Inexpensive • Easy to install • 4 pairs of wires, color coded • RJ45 connector • Cat 5 & 5e • 100 & 1000Mbps • Cat 6 • 1000Mbps & higher

  47. Review • What connector is on UTP? • RJ45 • What is the high speed links called that connect ISPs? • Backbone • A router, switch & access point all in one is called what? • ISR

  48. Coax Cable • Transmits electricity • Better shielding than UTP • Harder to install than UTP • ISP uses these for CMTS

  49. Fiber Optic Cables • Transmits pulses of light • Used in big environments • Glass or plastic • No EMI • High speed • LAN backbone • Connect ISP to Internet • 2 fibers • Transmit & receive

  50. Fiber Optic Cables • Multimode • Less $, used more • Used in LANs/Campuses • 2000 meters • LED • Many paths of light • Single Mode • More $, faster speed • Connects backbone/NOCs • 3000 meters • LED laser • Single path of light

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