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Exploring Ionic Compounds: Understanding Cations and Anions in Chemical Reactions

This document delves into the nomenclature of ionic compounds using practical examples like copper chloride (CuCl2) and beryllium fluoride (BeF2). It explains the behavior of ions when introduced into water, including the alignment of a compass in the presence of an electric current. The distinction between cations, which migrate towards the cathode, and anions, which travel towards the anode, is illustrated. The guide addresses naming conventions for ionic compounds, emphasizing metal and non-metal combinations, while also reviewing charge balancing for polyatomic ions and their interactions with metals.

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Exploring Ionic Compounds: Understanding Cations and Anions in Chemical Reactions

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  1. NOMENCLATURE OF IONIC COMPOUNDS

  2. Coil of wire battery _ + _ + compass The compass will align with the coil of wire if current is flowing. Even though a battery is connected, no electrical current is flowing through the water.

  3. Coil of wire battery _ + _ + compass Copper Chloride Copper chloride is added to the water. It dissolves in the water.

  4. If copper atoms are going to the negative side, what charge do they have? What about the chlorine atoms? Coil of wire battery _ + _ + compass Copper Chloride

  5. Since the atoms wandered towards each side, let’s call them IONS from the Greek word, ion, meaning wanderer. Coil of wire battery _ + _ + compass + + + + Copper Chloride

  6. Since the negative side of a battery is called the cathode (way down), we’ll call ions that go towards it cations. The ions that go towards the positive anode are called anions. Also, since the positive side of a battery is called the anode (way up), we’ll call ions that go towards it anions. _ + anode cathode _ + anode cathode + + + + Cations Anions + + + + Copper Chloride CuCl2

  7. Naming compounds by taking a metal from groups 1A, 1B, or 1C, and combining with a non-metal. 0 -1 +1 +4 IA VIIIA VIIA -3 -2 -4 +3 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA

  8. +4 -4 How do you know the charge? Be Li B C 2e- 6p+ 4p+ 5p+ 3p+ +1 IA VIIIA VIIA +3 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA

  9. Ne F O N Na 8e- 2e- 8p+ 10p+ 11p+ 9p+ 7p+ 0 -1 +1 +4 IA VIIIA VIIA -3 -2 -4 +3 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA

  10. -1 +2 F Be 2e- 2e- 4p+ 9p+ 0 -1 +1 +4 IA VIIIA VIIA -3 -2 -4 +3 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA

  11. -1 -1 +2 F F Be 2e- 2e- 2e- 4p+ 9p+ 9p+ 0 -1 +1 +4 IA VIIIA VIIA -3 -2 -4 +3 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA

  12. -1 -1 +2 F F Be Berylium Fluoride BeF2 0 -1 +1 +4 IA VIIIA VIIA -3 -2 -4 +3 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA

  13. For ionic compounds with a metal from group 1A, 2A, & 3A place the metal first and name it first. The non-metal is put last and named last. The number of metals or non-metals is depends on how many it takes to balance the charges. -1 +1 IA VIIIA VIIA -3 -2 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA

  14. +3 -1 -1 -1 Cl Al Cl Cl Aluminum Chloride -1 +3 Cl Al AlCl3 0 -1 +1 +4 IA VIIIA VIIA -3 -2 -4 +3 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA

  15. +3 -2 +3 -2 -2 O Fe O Fe O O O O Fe Fe -2 +3 O Fe Fe2O3 0 -1 +1 +4 IA VIIIA VIIA -3 -2 -4 +3 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA

  16. The next slides show polyatomic ions and how they will balance their charges when combining with a metal.

  17. +2 -1 -1 O O Zn NO3 NO3 Zn N N O O O O -1 +2 NO3 Zn Zn(NO3)2 0 -1 +1 +4 IA VIIIA VIIA -3 -2 -4 +3 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA Zinc = +2

  18. O O O -2 +3 +3 -2 -2 Fe Fe SO4 Fe SO4 SO4 Fe S S S O O O O O O O O O -2 +3 SO4 Fe Fe2(SO4)3 0 -1 +1 +4 IA VIIIA VIIA -3 -2 -4 +3 +2 IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA Now called Iron(III) sulfate Iron=+3

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