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??. ????(GDP

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    1. ?????????? ??? ????????????????????? 1 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    2. ?? ????(GDP&GNP)???? …........…3 ???? …...………………………………………..…. 9 ???????????(SEEA??)….….19 ?.?????? …………………….…………49 2 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    3. ????(GDP&GNP)???? ?? 3 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    4. ????(GDP&GNP) ???????????????????? ???????: "??"???? Gross Domestic Product "??"????Gross National Product ? GDP?”??”????, GNP??”??”???: ???GDP, ?????????????, ????????????. GNP?????“??”???, ?????????????, ????????(????)????????. 4 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    5. GDP??? Wu J.& Wu T.(2010).Green GDP. : ‘’GDP omits many of the important goods and services that we derive from nature because its scope is delimited completely by the market” 5 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    6. GDP??? “In GDP accounting, no distinction is made between activities that contribute to well-being and those that detract from it.” Example: ??????????????,??????????????,?????????????GDP???? 6 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    7. GDP??? ??GDP?????,????????????????,???????,GDP???????????????,???????”??”GDP???,????????????? ??????(?????????????????(UNDP)???????(HDI)????????????????????(EPI)??????????????????????? 7 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    8. ??GDP????? 8 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    9. ????(????????) Green Accounting(or Environmental Accounting) ??&?? 9 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    10. ????(Green Accounting) ??”????”(Environmental Accounting)? ????”???(?????)?”?????”????????? ????:??????? 10 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    11. ???????????????? 11 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    12. Summary of Important terms and concepts 12 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    13. ???? 13 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    14. ???? ????????: ???????(Green GDP) ?????????????????? ????????: ??????(Corporate Environmental Accounting),??????????????? 14 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    15. ?????????? 15 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    16. ????????? 16 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    17. ????????? ?????????????????,?????????????,?????????? ?????????,?????????????,???????????????? ??????????,??????????????????? 17 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    18. ??GDP ??GDP??????????????????(System of National Account , SNA) ???????????? ??????????????? “????????”(System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting, SEEA)???????? 18 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    19. SEEA?? ???????????? 19 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    20. ???SEEA 1993V.SSEEA2003??? 20 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    21. SEEA???????? 21 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    22. ??????? ???????????????????????(System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting , SEEA)?” ????????,????????????? ?????????????? ???????: ???????????????????(System of National Accounts , SNA),??????????????????,??????????????????????? 22 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    23. ????? 23 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    24. ????????????? 24 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    25. ????????????? 25 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    26. ????GDP????—???? 26 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    27. ?????????? 27 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    28. ????? ??:???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??”????”(Environmental expenditures) ????:???????????????????????,????????,??????????????????? ???????????????????? 28 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    29. ????? ??????????????,????????????????????????????????????? ??: ?????????????,????????????????????????????? 29 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    30. 2009?????????? (??:???) 30 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    31. ??????? 31 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    32. ??????? (??:??????;%) 32 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    33. ??????? (??:???;%) 33 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    34. ??????? (??:??????,%) 34 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    35. ??????? (??:??????,%) 35 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    36. ????? ????:??????,?????????? ????:??????????,???????????,??????????????????????,???????????????????? ????:????????????????????? ??????:??????????????????????????????????? 36 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    37. ???????? ?????? =[??????(GDP)-??????]-???? ??-?????? =??????-??????? 37 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    38. ??????????????? 1997????????10? (?????????,??????????????) 1998?????29? (??????????????????) 1999 ??????????????(ISEW)? ??????????????????????????? 2000?? ???????????????????? 38 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    39. ??????????? ??????????,??GIS??? ???????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????,???????????? ????????????????,???????????????????????????? ???????,?????????????????,?????????????? 39 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    40. ??????????????? ???????? 40 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    41. ???????? ???3???: ????(net present value method):?????????????????,??????????????? ???(????????,net rent approach):??????????????????(??????),????????????? ??????(User cost method):????????????????????? ??: ??????????????????????????????: ???R t????????,r,??????????????? ???R t?????,??????????????????? ??????????????????????????(T)?????(r),????????? 41 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    42. ??????????? ???????? 42 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    43. ??????--????? ??:??????????????? ????: ??????????? ???????? ????????????????? (Best Available Control Technology, BACT) ??BACT????????????????,????????????????????????? ?????????????(??????) ????:?????= (??????) ×(???????????) ????:???????????,?????????,??????????????,????????????? ?????????????????? 43 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    44. ??????--????? ??????????????? Step1??????:?????????????????????? Step2 ?????????:????????????????????????????????????????????(?????)??????????? 44 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    45. ???????? (??:???) 45 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    46. ???????? (??:???) 46 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    47. 2000-2009:??????????????? (??:??????) 47 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    48. ?????? ??????????,????????,???????????????,????????????,??????????????????????????????,???????????????????? ???????????????,??????? ?????????????????? ????????,??????????????,??????????? ??????????????? OECD????GDP??????????????????????? 48 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    49. ?????? ??&??&?? 49 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    50. ??????? 1987????«?????»(The Brundtland Report)????,”????”(Sustainable Development)???????,”????”?????????????????????????????? ????????????????? 50 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    51. ???????? ??????????????,????????-??-??(Pressure-State-Response)???,????????? ??: ??????????????? ??????????: ?????????????????????????????? ???????????: ???????????????????????????,????????????????? 51 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    52. ???????? ?1988?????(=100),???????100??????,???100??????,?1988??????,???????????? 52 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    53. ????????? ???80%?????????,??????????????????? ????????????????11??(??????????????????????????????????)? 53 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    54. 54 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    55. 1988?2009????????? 55 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    56. 1988?2009????????? “?????”???????: ????????????,????????????,??????????????? “????”?????? “??”???????? “??”????????,???”??? ?”?????????? 56 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    57. Asian Green city index (??????????) The first regional Analysis in the Asia ????????(?????) 57 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    58. Asian Green City Index 2010 Previous research program by the EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit) in collaboration with Siemens: The European Green City Index 2009 The Latin American Green City Index 2010 58 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    59. Objective and Framework Measure the current environmental performance of 22 major Asian cities and their commitment to reduce future negative environmental impacts. This index was based on 8 categories (energy and CO2 ,land use and buildings,transport ,waste,water,sanitation,air quality) and environmental governance and 29 indicators. 59 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    60. Data Collection Data was collected during April to June 2010. Data was generally for 2008 to 2009 only when they were unavailable those from earlier years were taken. Whenever possible, data were collected from publicly available official sites, for example, national or regional statistical sites, local utilities or environmental ministries. 60 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    61. Asian Green City Index 2010 City selection (22 cities included) Most major Asian Urban areas (Capital cities or leading business centers) Independent selection process to enhance credibility and comparability cities included were selected independently rather than relying on requests from city governments. Availability of Data Ho Chi Minh City ,Vietnam was excluded due to lack of data. 61 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    62. Quantitative Indicators To ensure comparability between cities and to arrive at an aggregate score for each city Quantitative indicators were “normalized” on a scale of 0 to 10, the higher the score the better the performance .(Min-max calculation) Insert reasonable benchmarks to prevent outliers from skewing the distribution of scores. For instance , a lower benchmark of 10% was used in scoring “waste water treated” and all cities with less than that figure received a score of 0 for that indicator. 62 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    63. Qualitative Indicators Scored based on objective criteria accounting for cities’ targets, strategies and concrete actions. Scored on a scale of 0 to 10 with 10 indicating best performance. Selected qualitative indicators aiming at measuring the existence of policies in certain area(e.g. the containment of urban sprawl) were multiplied by “Policy Implementation Effectiveness Rating” (with a scale from 1 to 5,with 5 being the most effective)developed by the EIU . 63 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    64. Qualitative Indicators Example: For the indicator "greenhouse gas(GHG) monitoring, scores were based on whether cities regularly monitor GHG emissions and publish findings every 1 to 3 years. 64 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    65. ?? 65 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    66. Overall Results 66 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    67. Categorical results Taipei ranked “above average” in “Energy and CO2”,”Transport”,”Land and Buildings”, “Waste” ,” Sanitation", "Air Quality”, and “Environmental Governance” while ranked “average” in “Water”. 67 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    68. ?????? ( Human Development Index ,HDI) 68 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    69. ?????? ( Human Development Index,HDI) ?????????(UNDP) ?1990????????,????3???????????????: ??(0?????) ??(??????????,2010???????????????????????????) ????(2010????????????????????GNI???) ??: ????????????????,??????,??????????????????????????????? HDI??:??0~1?,?????? ?????????????????????(????),??????? ??????????????????????? 69 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    70. ???? ????????? ?????(????????????) ??????: 0????????????GNI????????????????HDI? 70 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    71. ??????(HDI)???? 71 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    72. ????????(HDI) HDI????????????????????????????,????????,????????? ?????,????????????,?????????,?????????? 72 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

    73. Thank you for your attention! 73 2011/10 ??????EMBA??????

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