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Soil Fertility Resources for Extension Agents

Soil Fertility Resources for Extension Agents. National Association of County Agricultural Agents Annual Meeting and Professional Improvement Conference 24 July 2006 Cincinnati, OH. Tom Bruulsema, PhD Northeast Director Potash & Phosphate Institute. PPI/PPIC Member Companies.

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Soil Fertility Resources for Extension Agents

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  1. Soil Fertility Resources for Extension Agents National Association of County Agricultural Agents Annual Meeting and Professional Improvement Conference 24 July 2006 Cincinnati, OH Tom Bruulsema, PhD Northeast Director Potash & Phosphate Institute

  2. PPI/PPIC Member Companies

  3. PPI’s Northeast Region

  4. Why Educate on Soil Fertility?

  5. Nutrients: Benefits & Risks

  6. Atmosphere Stratospheric Effects PM & Visibility Effects Ozone Effects NOx Greenhouse Effects Energy Production Terrestrial Ecosystems N2O NOx NH3 Food Production NHx Agroecosystem Effects Forests & Grassland Crop Animal People (Food; Fiber) Soil Soil Norg NO3 Groundwater Effects Human Activities The Nitrogen Cascade Stream & River Effects Coastal Effects N2O Galloway & Cowling, 2002 Aquatic Ecosystems --Indicates denitrification potential

  7. Hypoxic Area in Gulf of Mexico Square miles No Data 15 Hypoxia data by N. Rabalais, LUMCON

  8. European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Science 25 November 2005Vol. 310. no. 5752, pp. 1285 - 1287

  9. Greenhouse Gases N2O

  10. Phosphorus & eutrophication

  11. Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency

  12. Improvement: % P: 108% N: 43% K: 90% Source: USDA-NASS; PPI Corn Yield: 55%

  13. 85 28 Galloway and Cowling, 2002

  14. Ending Poverty Requires Fertilizer…

  15. Best Management Practices Right rate Right time Right place

  16. Who Needs to Know? • Everyone! • Soil Fertility Specialists • Producers • Policymakers and Regulators • Public – young & old

  17. PPI Publications

  18. A complete course in soil fertility • All 17 essential elements • Color slides • Nutrient deficiency symptoms

  19. How Potassium Moves in Soil

  20. Elementary Education

  21. Powerpoint Presentations • Phosphorus Nutrition • Alfalfa • Canola • Corn • Cotton • Wheat • Potassium Nutrition • Alfalfa • Cotton • Northern Great Plains

  22. Quality for Health • Agriculture’s connection to food • Take a Closer Look • Fertilizer and Tofu • Functional Foods research • Fertilizer Impacts on Quality

  23. Soil Test Levels in North America, 2005PPI/PPIC/FAR Technical Bulletin 2005-1

  24. Private Laboratories

  25. Public Laboratories

  26. Figure 1. Fraction of Samples Analyzed by Specific P and K Soil Tests

  27. North America Figure 4. Soil test P frequency distribution for North America in 2005.

  28. Figure 7. Soil test K frequency distribution in 2001 and 2005.

  29. Soil Test Interpretation • Why not one recommendation for a given soil test level?

  30. 96 site-years

  31. Figure 8. Median soil pH levels, 2005.

  32. Figure 11. Percent of soils testing less than 75 ppm Mg.

  33. Figure 12. Percent of soils testing less than 3 ppm S.

  34. Summary • Approximately 3.4 million samples from 70 laboratories are included in the summary • Results indicate the importance of regular soil testing because a large number of samples test in or near critical soil test ranges where nutrient recommendations vary greatly • Median P level is 31 ppm, with 41% of samples for 2005 crop year testing less than 25 ppm • Median K level is 154 ppm, with 33% of samples testing less than 120 ppm, and 53% less than 160 ppm • Median pH for U.S. and Canada is 6.3, with 31% of samples testing < 6.0 • Need for soil testing is important to determine fertility status of specific fields

  35. BMPs for Efficient Fertilizer Use 12 basic tips

  36. Fertilizer BMPs1. Measure what the soil can provide2. Consider crop removal3. Set realistic yield goals4. Use all nutrient sources available

  37. Fertilizer BMPs5. Keep the proper balance of nutrients6. Manage soil pH7. Manage for maximum economic yield8. Time applications MEY

  38. Fertilizer BMPs9. Control release10. Band in the right place11. Test on-farm 12. Consult a credible adviser

  39. PPI Tools on the Web • www.ppi-ppic.org • Crop Nutrient Response Tool • PKalc • Hybrid Maize • Fertilizer Chooser

  40. 3 7 6 4 1 5 2

  41. Thank You

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