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Understanding Geography: Exploring the Cultural Landscape and Its Key Concepts

This chapter provides an introduction to human geography, defining its foundational concepts and the significance of location and distribution. Geography, a term coined by Eratosthenes meaning "earth writing," is essential for understanding the balance between globalization and local diversity. Key terms such as place, region, scale, and space are discussed, along with the purpose of maps as reference and communication tools. The chapter also highlights early map-making, contemporary tools like GIS and GPS, and the township and range system established in the U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785.

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Understanding Geography: Exploring the Cultural Landscape and Its Key Concepts

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  1. Chapter 1: Basic Concepts The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography Key Issue 1: How Do Geographers Describe Where Things Are?

  2. Defining Geography • Word coined by Eratosthenes • Geo = Earth • Graphia = writing • Geography thus means “earth writing”

  3. Contemporary Geography • Geographers ask where and why • Location and distribution are important terms • Geographers are concerned with the tension between globalization and local diversity • A division: physical geography and human geography

  4. Geography’s Vocabulary Place Region Scale Space Connections

  5. Maps • Two purposes • As reference tools • To find locations, to find one’s way • As communications tools • To show the distribution of human and physical features

  6. Early Map Making Figure 1-2

  7. Maps: Scale • Types of map scale • Ratio or fraction • Written • Graphic • Projection • Distortion • Shape • Distance • Relative size • Direction

  8. Figure 1-4

  9. U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785 • Township and range system • Township = 6 sq. miles on each side • North–south lines = principal meridians • East–west lines = base lines • Range • Sections

  10. Township and Range System Figure 1-5

  11. Contemporary Tools Figure 1-7 • Geographic Information Science (GIScience) • Global Positioning Systems (GPS) • Remote sensing • Geographic information systems (GIS)

  12. A Mash-up Figure 1-8

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