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1. WWW.KDHEKS.GOV Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

2. Revisions to National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone and Particulate Matter Douglas Watson Kansas Air Quality Seminar March 5-6, 2008 Kansas Department of Health and Environment Bureau of Air and Radiation Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

3. Under section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act, EPA must review each of its National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) every five years.

4. Particulate Matter Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

5. Revisions to Particulate Matter Standards • PM2.5 Standards • Review completed in 2006 • EPA strengthened the 24-hr PM2.5 standard from 1997 level of 65 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3) to 35μg/m3, and • EPA retained the current annual PM2.5 standard at 15μg/m3 Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

6. Revisions to Particulate Matters Standards • Attainment of PM2.5 Standards • 24-Hour Standard • An area will meet the 24-hour standard if the 98th percentile of 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations in a year, averaged over three years, is less than or equal to the level of the standard of 35 μg/m3 • Annual Standard • An area will meet the annual PM2.5 standard when the three-year average of the annual average PM2.5 concentration is less than or equal to 15 μg/m3 Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

7. Revisions to Particulate Matters Standards • PM10 Standards • EPA retained the existing national 24-hr PM10 standard of 150μg/m3 • EPA revoked the annual PM10 standard, • Available evidence generally does not suggest a link between long-term exposure to current levels of coarse particles and health problems • EPA protecting all Americans from effects of short-term exposure to inhalable coarse particles by retaining the existing daily PM10 standard of 150μg/m3 Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

8. Revisions to Particulate Matter Standards • Attainment of PM10 Standards • An area will meet the 24-hour PM10 standard when the 150μg/m3 level is not exceeded more than once per year on average over a three year period Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

9. Revisions to Particulate Matters Standards Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

10. Revisions to Particulate Matters Standards Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

11. Revisions to Particulate Matters Standards Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

12. 8-hour Ozone Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

13. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard • On June 20, 2007, EPA proposed revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ground-level ozone • The proposed revisions reflect new scientific evidence about ozone and its effects on people and public welfare • The proposed revisions would affect two types of ozone standards: • Primary standards to protect public health, including the health of “sensitive” populations such as people with asthma, children, and older adults • Secondary standards to protect public welfare and the environment, including sensitive vegetation and ecosystems Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

14. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard EPA’s Current Ozone Standards • Current standards were set in 1997 (most recent revision) • Primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) standards are both 0.08 parts per million (ppm), with an 8-hour averaging time • Because of rounding, these standards are effectively 0.084 ppm • EPA, states and tribes collect data about ozone levels from air pollution monitors. It takes three consecutive years of data to determine if an area is meeting (attaining) the standards • An area attains the current standards if: the three-year average of the annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration measured at each monitor does not exceed 0.084 ppm Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

15. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard Proposed Revisions to Primary Ozone Standard • The EPA Administrator has determined that the current standard is not sufficient to protect public health. • EPA proposes that a standard set within the range of 0.070 to 0.075 ppm would protect public health with an adequate margin of safety • EPA allowed comment on a range of alternative levels for the standard down to 0.060 ppm and up to the level of the current standard • EPA also proposes to specify the level of the primary standard to the nearest thousandth ppm (“third decimal place”) Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

16. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard • Exposures to ozone can: • Reduce lung function, more difficult to breathe • Irritate airways, causing cough, sore throat, shortness of breath • Increased frequency of asthma attacks • Inflame and damage the lining of lung • Increase susceptibility to respiratory infection • Aggravate chronic lung diseases like asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

17. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

18. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard Proposed Revisions to Secondary Ozone Standard • EPA is proposing two alternatives for the secondary ozone standard: • A new cumulative, seasonal standard, or • A standard identical to the proposed primary standard • The proposed new seasonal standard is known as “W126” • W126 is a cumulative index form that weights and sums hourly measurements over a given period of time • EPA is proposing both a daily and seasonal time period over which to cumulate the weighted hourly measurements during the ozone season: • A 12-hour daily period • And a seasonal period consisting of the three months of maximum W126 index value Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

19. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standards Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

20. Proposed Revisions to Ozone Standard Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

21. Kansas City Ozone • 2007 Ozone Season • Low 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations from the 2004 ozone season for monitors in the Kansas City area drop off the 3-year average • Cool and wet summer in the region led to low ozone concentrations for the 2004 ozone season • 2005 and 2006 ozone seasons in Kansas City yielded many days in which monitors exceeded levels of the standard • Stage was set for Kansas City to violate ozone standard • Violation occurred mid-June Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

22. Kansas City Ozone • Understanding the 8-hour Ozone Standard • The 3-year average of the 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08 ppm • A 3-year average of the 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentration greater than or equal to 0.085 ppm is considered a violation of the ozone standard Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

23. Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

24. Kansas City Ozone • 2007 Ozone Season Update • Three sites currently have 2005-2007 averages of the 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations in violation of standard • Rocky Creek = 0.087 ppm • Liberty = 0.087 ppm • Trimble = 0.085 ppm Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

25. Kansas City Ozone • 2007 Ozone Season Update • Kansas Monitors (2005-2007 Design Values) • Kansas City, KS – JFK = 0.077 ppm • Leavenworth = 0.077 ppm • Heritage Park = 0.076 ppm Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

26. Kansas City Ozone Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

27. QUESTIONS?? Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

28. WWW.KDHEKS.GOV dwatson@kdhe.state.ks.us Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.