Elements and Principles of Art/Design

1. Elements and Principles of Art/Design * * * You will use these to personalize * * *each side of your portfolio Be sure that your name is on your portfolio also!

2. Elements of Art • Line • Shape • Form • Value • Color • Texture • Space

3. Line • connects two points, usually longer than it is wide. • a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It may be the path made by a pencil or the stroke of a paintbrush, created by the wires of a mobile or carvings in a stone sculpture, or formed when two objects meet or overlap. • Lines can be thin, thick, continuous, interrupted, curved, zigzag, straight, etc. Structural Lines:Outline: outer edge of a silhouette Contour: describe the shape of an object Gesture: movement lines lines that hold a design together and include interior detail emphasize direction and fluidity

4. More about Line - Line Personality • direction or movement (vertical, horizontal, diagonal), quality, or weight • general characteristics of a line, to convey a specific mood or feeling • A thick line with sharp edges can produce a very different feeling than a thin, flowing line Vertical Lines convey height, stability, and dignity. Horizontal Lines suggest calmness, repose, balance. Diagonal Lines express action, movement, tension; they are dramatic and dynamic.

5. Shape • Shape: an element of design that is two-dimensional and encloses area; has height and width but no depth Shape can geometric or organic.

6. Form • Form: an element of design that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; has length, width, and depth; usually has weight and solidity Form can be real or implied.

7. Value • an element of design that refers to the lightness or darkness of grays and colors • can be used to create contrast and interest, as well as a sense of depth, form, temperature, or mood …

8. artists can create value through… • blending / shading • hatching • cross-hatching • stippling • and other mark-making

9. Color • refers to specific hues • has 3 properties, Chroma (Hue), Intensity (Saturation) and Value. • produced by the way our vision responds to different wavelengths of light • can be used to express emotion or to suggest temperature

10. Texture • a feature of surface quality • the physical surface structure of a material • in art, this structure may be real or implied • Artists may use texture to convey or express meaning, to create a particular experience, or for realistic representation Real Texture Implied Texture

11. Space • can be positive or negative • can flow in, around, and through art • can be represented in both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional art • may be used to create a sense of depth in realism or an emotional response in abstract art Positive Space: Negative Space: what is there what isn’t there Compare the use of space - does the way the artist used space evoke a particular feeling or emotion?

12. Principles of Art • Balance • Unity / Harmony • Contrast / Variety • Emphasis • Movement • Rhythm • Pattern / Repetition

13. Balance • how various parts of a design relate to one another • in art, balance can be created using elements of design such as space, shape, and color • balance may be actual or visual • type of visual balance are… • Symmetrical Balance • Approximate Symmetry • Asymmetrical Balance • Radial Balance Symmetrical Balance Asymmetrical Balance Approximate Symmetry Radial Balance

14. Unity / Harmony • displayed when parts combine to create a sense of oneness • in art - when all of the parts of a design work together to create a feeling of wholeness • can be achieved (in art) through use of color, texture, and repetition of shapes or forms How does the artist create a sense of unity/harmony in this painting?

15. Contrast / Variety • Contrast: describes larger differences in the elements of a design • Variety: describes smaller differences within a design Contrast/Variety to create interest. Contrast to direct attention. Can you identify the contrast? Variety? • artists use contrast and variety to add interest, change the pace, or develop/underscore a mood

16. Emphasis • significance or importance that is given to something; a focal point or center of interest • artists use a variety of methods to achieve emphasis which include relying on a single element of design, simplifying the overall composition, and using special placement • Artists use elements and principles of design to answer the questions, “What is my work about?” and “What am I trying to say?” What is the focal point in these paintings? How is the artist emphasizing these areas? How is the artist emphasizing her message of the strength and dignity of the female form here?

17. Movement • visual movement creates a path for the viewer’s eyes to follow across a composition • movement can be actual, recorded, or compositional (compares the positions of stationary objects or spaces within a design) • movement can set a mood or create a feeling in a work of art Actual Movement Recorded Movement Compositional Movement

18. Rhythm • visual rhythm: produced by repeating one or several units of a design (such as a shape or color) in a certain order or pattern • rhythms can be regular, flowing, or alternating Alternating Rhythm Regular Rhythm Flowing Rhythm

19. Pattern / Repetition • visual pattern: the repetition of one or more elements (usually in a regular, organized, and recognizable way) • repetition: replication or copying of an element How has the artist used pattern and repetition here? • pattern is used to help organize or unify an area or object, and to provide visual enrichment and interest