Information and Software Technology

1. Information and Software Technology Option: Artificial intelligence, simulation and modelling Information and Software Technology

2. Wordle • Go to • http://www.wordle.net/ • Learn how to use it • Create a Wordle for this topic! Information and Software Technology

3. Artificial Intelligence (AI) • What is INTELLIGENCE? • Ability to reason • Ability to acquire and use knowledge • Ability to perceive ideas • Ability to manipulate objects • What is AI? • Ability of computers to imitate human behaviour and thought processes. Information and Software Technology

4. AI where is it at? Information and Software Technology

5. Historical Perspective of AI • Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 – 322BC) logical reasoning form the basis of many AI systems. Aristotle Info Information and Software Technology

6. Historical Perspectives of AI • Alan Turing (1912 – 1954) created the Turing machine that could perform logical operations. • The Turing test is where a human has to determine if the response was generated by a computer or a human. • Who Was Alan Turing • The Enigma Information and Software Technology

7. Historical Perspectives of AI • The Future? • Would you like to know more? • HW Page 169 Exercise 8.1 q’s 1 - 4 Information and Software Technology

8. Areas of AI • Major areas of AI • Intelligent Systems • Expert systems and Knowledge Bases • Neural networks • Games • Natural language • Robotics • DVC “I,video” Information and Software Technology

9. Autonomous Information and Software Technology

10. Asimo Information and Software Technology

11. Areas of AI • An Artificial Intelligent system is a computer system that receives data through an input device such as a mouse, keyboard or microphone and produces an intelligent response. • Can you find one on the Internet and paste the link into Wallwisher! Information and Software Technology

12. Expert systems • Expert systems are computer programs that make the collective knowledge of various experts in a field available to the user. They are built on knowledge bases. Information and Software Technology

13. Expert systems • Examples of expert system include • Medical expert system • Voice recognition system • Travel navigation expert system • Financial systems Information and Software Technology

14. Expert System Example • Expert System Example • Investigate an expert system. • place your findings on our Wallwisher site. Information and Software Technology

15. PREZI • Create a PREZI on something to do with AI (can not be a movie) • Include pictures and video. • Present a 5 Minute PREZI to the class. Information and Software Technology

16. Neural networks • A computer system that works like the human brain and is capable of learning. • Watch video Information and Software Technology

17. AI Terminology • Knowledge bases – a centralised repository for information. Computers can be programmed to use rules based on set conditions. IF-THEN rule. • IF this knowledge exists (premise) THEN do this (conclusion). Information and Software Technology

18. AI Terminology • Agents – A piece of software designed to search through databases for relevant data. Used in neural networks to search vast amounts of data. Information and Software Technology

19. AI Terminology • Demons – A program that springs to life when it is relevant. Allow computers to be self-modifying. • HW Page 175 Exercise 8.2 q’s 1-4 Information and Software Technology

20. Modelling and simulations • Model – a simpler version of a real world object or idea. • Modelling – process of creating a model. Information and Software Technology

21. Modelling and simulations • Computer model – an electronic representation of an object or idea. • Simulation – the process of imitating real-life occurrences in order to test a model. Information and Software Technology

22. Purposes of Modelling and Simulations • Spreadsheets • Financial Planners • Car Manufacturers • Training Simulators • Drilling Simulators • Space Shuttle Missions • Scientific Simulations • Astronomers Information and Software Technology

23. Advantages and Limitations • Safer, cheaper and quicker to use a model. • More efficient and minor changes to the models can be easily altered. • Life Like????? Information and Software Technology

24. Advantages and Limitations • Might be the only method for training (astronauts). • The simulation is only as good as the model that was created. Information and Software Technology

25. Advantages and Limitations • Models are often too simplistic and lead to inaccurate results. • HW Page 178 Exercise 8.3 q’s 1-4 Information and Software Technology

26. Requirements of Models and Simulations • Hardware • Can take a lot of time to build the required hardware. • The hardware needs fast processing • Parallel processing (linking of two or more processing units within the one computer) is often used. • Large amounts of storage space is required. Information and Software Technology

27. Requirements of Models and Simulations • Software • Required to carry out complex computations. • Specifically designed to suit the model. Information and Software Technology

28. Simulators • A hardware device that imitates certain environments. Used for training and experiments to simulate movement. Information and Software Technology

29. Simulators • Flight simulators • Used to train pilots and provide realistic feelings of flying • Has working replica of cockpit, computers, projectors and screens. Information and Software Technology

30. Simulators • Car simulators • Good for learner drivers. • Virtual reality games • Users usually wear a head-mounted display that presents computer images to each eye and sounds through earphones. Homework Exercise 8.4 q’s 1 - 4 Information and Software Technology

31. Simulators Information and Software Technology

32. Spreadsheets • If • Then • Else Information and Software Technology