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Demystifying Cell Division: A Comprehensive Guide

Learn why cells undergo division, the definition of cell division, the role of DNA in heredity, the significance of chromatin and chromosomes, and the phases of the cell cycle including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

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Demystifying Cell Division: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Chapter 8.1 Cell Division and Reproduction

  2. Why do cells go through cell division? • To grow • Organisms grow by ADDING more cells • To replace dead cells • All cells will die so they need to be replaced • To replace damaged cells • Cells will be damaged by injury (cut)

  3. Definition of Cell Division • Cell division is the process of one cell dividing into two identical daughter cells

  4. DNA - Hereditary Material • DNA is stored in a eukaryotic cells nucleus • Plant cells • Animal cells

  5. What is Chromatin? • Loose (stringy) DNA in a cells nucleus is called chromatin • DNA before cell division • DNA ‘hanging out’

  6. Chromosome doubles • Chromatin condenses (shrinks up) and doubles just before cell division • This forms a chromosome (X). X X

  7. What is a Chromosome? • A chromosome is a structure made up of DNA and protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

  8. Cell Cycle • The cell cycle is the period of time from the beginning of one cell division to the beginning of the next. • The cell cycle has 3 parts: • Interphase See cycle on page 155 • Mitosis • Cytokinesis

  9. 1. Interphase • First part of the cell cycle • Time in between cell divisions • Cell is on vacation • Longest phase. Most time is spent in interphase • At end, chromatin (stringy) doubles into a chromosome (X)

  10. Mitosis • Second part of the cell cycle • Makes 2 new identical nuclei • Has 4 steps: • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  11. 2. Prophase • First step of mitosis • Chromatin in nucleus coils into chromosomes (X’s) • Nuclear membrane begins to disappear

  12. 3. Metaphase • Second step of mitosis • Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell • Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes

  13. 4. Anaphase • Third step of mitosis • Chromosomes separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell

  14. 5. Telophase • Final step of mitosis • Two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes • Chromosomes unwind to form chromatin • Mitosis ends

  15. 6. Cytokinesis • Final part of the cell cycle • Makes 2 new identical daughter cells • Shortest phase • END of the cell cycle

  16. Cell Cycle • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase Mitosis • Anaphase • Telophase • Cytokinesis

  17. Cell Cycle Mnemonic • Write a mnemonic for cell division • (Ex. King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk.) • I • P • M Add a COLORED • A picture • T • C

  18. Cell Cycle Mnemonic • I • Played • Music • At • The • Concert

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