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Week 10 Overview

Week 10 Overview. Cardiovascular test-correct in class Review for midterm using syllabus pages 95-99 Complete lecture notes for musculoskeletal system pages 101-106- use your book. Week 10 Midterm Review. -para emesis 

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Week 10 Overview

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  1. Week 10 Overview • Cardiovascular test-correct in class • Review for midterm using syllabus pages 95-99 • Complete lecture notes for musculoskeletal system pages 101-106- use your book

  2. Week 10 Midterm Review • -para emesis  • melan/o jaundice  • DNR stomatitis  • AIDS proctoscope  • IV gastrectomy  • PPE ecchymosis • eu- cutane  • inter- pil/o  • -malacia onychomalacia   • Bp cellulitis  • -paresis xeroderma

  3. -gen dermatosis • -rrhage alopecia • -tripsy diaphoresis • -pexy nevus • -centesis TPN • gingivitis NG • colostomy abrasion • vagotomy trich/o • cholecystitis gangrene • List the components of the cardiovascular system

  4. -itis hemi- • -megaly cirrh/o- • -rrhea -desis • tachy- -phagia • -plegia dys- • -phasia brady- • -emia -oma • -oid -osis • -cele ante-

  5. Give the medical term for the following: • Left fast • Resembles stone • right back • false half • away upon • black towards • decrease small • blue different • same all • paralysis between • removal visual examination

  6. What is physiology? • Name one body plane and tell how it divides the body. • Tell the abbreviations used when dividing the abdominopelvic area into quadrants. Also give one organ found in each quadrant. You may not use the large colon and only use the small intestine once. • Name the four body cavities. • List the levels of organization.

  7. Qd c • CBC s • hs IM • ABG TPR • PRN VS • pc QOD • ac TID • UA STAT • Q,q QID • p a • SLE Hirstutism • Two functions of the integumentary system

  8. lobectomy arteriosclerosis • carditis hematoma • tracheostomy laryngospasm • thoracentesis Dx • pericardium hypotension • pleuritis apnea • dyspnea bradypnea • tachypnea O2 • CAD tachycardia • CHF cardiologist • SOB bronchitis • HTN myocardium • CXR angina pectoris • EKG rhinoplasty • COPD leukocyte • TB URI

  9. List three types of blood cells and tell their function. • Name the two atrioventricular valves. • What is the name of the largest vessel in the body? • Which side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? • Name the four chambers of the heart. • Name the four special properties of cardiac cells. • Which way do arteries travel? Veins? • Define pulse? • What is systolic pressure? • Name the pacemaker of the heart.

  10. What is the most important test a respiratory therapist performs on a patient? • Name a function of the respiratory system. • Name three structures of the respiratory system. • What vessels supply the heart? • Define internal respiration. • What is plasma? • What is carbon dioxide? • What happens to your heart when you exercise? • What is emphysema? • What three agents can cause pneumonia? • What is atelectasis? • Who specializes in the study of immunity? • What is anaphylactic shock?

  11. What virus causes mononucleosis? • Which hepatitis virus are health care • workers most concerned about? Why? • Splenoptosis- splenoma- • Myeloma- myelitis • HIV- PPE- • HBV- HAV-

  12. Musculoskeletal

  13. Week 10 Skeletal SystemFunction: support, protect, movement, hematopoiesis, and a storehouse for minerals • Medical Terms- • Cartilage—chondr/o • Joints- arthr/o • Bone- oste/o • Rib- cost/o

  14. Periosteum- around the bone Endosteum- Within the bone

  15. Joint- is the articulation of two bones

  16. Types of Joints Hinge Pivot Ball and Socket

  17. Ligaments bind the bones firmly together while allowing movement • Tendons, which are rope like cables, connect a muscle to a bone. The tendon acts like a cable, pulling the bone into the new position as the muscle contracts. • Bursae-Burs/o- sac lining the joint • Synovial-Synovi/o-moveable

  18. Anatomical Landmarks of Bones • Diaphysis- the shaft of the bone • Epiphysis- the end of the bone

  19. Axial Skeleton- the skull and cage including the pelvis • Appendicular Skeleton- the appendages

  20. Long Short Flat Irregular

  21. Pathology of Skeletal System • Arthralgia -joint pain • Ankylosis- stiff joint • Arthrodynia- joint pain • Bursitis- inflammation of the bursae • Carpal tunnel syndrome-pressure on the median nerve as it enters the hand through a tunnel in the wrist. • Arthritis- inflammation of a joint • Rheumatoid arthritis- chronic inflammatory disease that causes the body's immune system to attack the joints • Osteoarthritis- inflammation of the bone and joint • Spondylosis- degenerative processes that affect the intervertebral disc.

  22. Herniated disk- a slipped disk • Scoliosis- Lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine.

  23. Lordosis- An exaggeration of the forward curve of the lower part of the back, sometimes called sway-back. • Kyphosis- exaggerated outward curvature of the spine- humpback Lordosis Kyphosis

  24. Spina Bifida- incomplete closure of the vertebrae • Osteomyelitis- Inflammation of the bone, especially the marrow. • Osteomalacia- softening of bone • Osteoporosis- A condition that is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, causing bones to become fragile

  25. Rickets- A weakening of the bones due to Vitamin D deficiency • Fracture- FX- a break in a bone • Closed Fracture- when the bone breaks under the skin • Open fracture- when the bone breaks and protrudes through the skin

  26. Greenstick fracture- when the bone suffers a crack to only one side, leaving it injured but intact. • Crepitation-A grating or crackling sensation or sound, as that produced by rubbing two fragments of a broken bone together

  27. Procedure of the MS system • Arthrectomy- removal of a joint • Arthroplasty- surgical repair of a joint • Arthrodesis- fixation of a joint • Craniectomy- removal of part of the skull

  28. Craniotomy- incision into the skull • Laminectomy- Surgical removal of the lamina of a vertebra • Amputation- severing of a body part • Phantom-limb pain- pain felt in a body part that has been amputated • Osteoclasis- rebreaking of a bone

  29. Abbreviations • BKA- below the knee amputation • IM- intramuscular • AKA- above the knee amputation • X-Ray- radiological study • SLE- systemic lupus erythematosus • T-2- thoracic #2 • C-1- cervical #1 • L-3- lumbar #3 • NSAID- nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drug

  30. Muscular System • Muscular tissue refers to all of the contractile tissue of the body. It includes the cardiac muscle of the heart. The smooth muscles that compose the viscera and the skeletal muscles that attach to bones. • The first two types of muscles are referred to as involuntary, because there is no discretionary control over them. In contrast, the skeletal muscles are voluntary, since their contractions are fully controllable. All muscles, through contraction, provide the body with motion or body posture.

  31. My/o= muscle

  32. Characteristics of Muscles • Antagonistic muscle pairs- the skeletal muscles of the body are arranged in antagonistic airs. One muscle of the pair produces movement in a single direction. The other muscle of the pair produces movement in the opposite direction. When one muscle of the pair is contracted, the other is relaxed.

  33. Terms • Contraction-shortening of muscle fibers • Relaxation- lengthening of muscle fibers • Muscle tone-The natural tension in resting muscles • Extension- to straighten a joint • Flexion- Bending a joint • Adduction- movement toward the midline • Abduction- movement away from the midline • Elevation- to raise upward • Depression- movement downward • Suppination- upward • Pronation- downward

  34. PATHOLOGY • Fibroma- tumor of fibrous tissue • Tendonitis- inflammation of a tendon • Ataxia- without coordination • Dystaxia- difficult coordination • Atrophy- without nourishment • Muscular Dystrophy- A hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers

  35. Paralysis- without movement • Hemiparesis- partial paralysis in one-half of the body • Paraplegia- paralysis of the lower extremities • Hemiplegia- paralysis in one-half of the body • Quadriplegia- paralysis of all four extremities • Myalgia- muscle pain • Contracture- permanent immobility of a joint • Spasm- twitching

  36. Myocele- swelling of a muscle • Hernia- protrusion of one structure into another • Torticollis- stiff neck • Myosclerosis- hardening of a muscle • Myonecrosis- death of a muscle

  37. PROCEDURES • Myorrhaphy- suture of a muscle • Myectomy- removal of a muscle

  38. Abbreviations • MS- musculoskeletal • IM- intramuscular

  39. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ELEMENTS • (use with your textbook for CD-Rom) • ELEMENT MEANING • ankyl/o bent, crooked, stiff joint • arthr/o joint • calc/o calcium • calcane/o heel bone • carp/o wrist bone • cephal/o head • cervic/o neck • chondr/o cartilage • cost/o ribs • crani/o skull • dist/o far, farthest • encephal/o brain

  40. ELEMENT MEANING • femor/o thighbone • fibul/o fibula • humer/o humerus • lumb/o lower back, loin • metacarp/o metacarpus (bone of the hand) • myel/o spinal cord, bone marrow • my/o muscle • oste/o bone • patell/o kneecap • proxim/o near • radi/o x-rays, radiation • roentgen/o x-rays, radiation • sacr/o sacrum

  41. ELEMENT MEANING • spondyl/o vertebra (backbone) • stern/o breastbone • tend/o tendon • tibi/o tibia • troph/o nourishment, development • vertebr/o vertebra (backbone) • -blast embryonic cellular development • -desis fixation of bone or joint • -genesis producing, forming • -malacia softening • -penia decrease • -rrhaphy suture • -rrhexis rupture • inter- between • peri- around

  42. Homework • Study for midterm • Read pages 266-296 (book) • Complete pages 297-308 (book), • Interactive CD • Complete pages 101-106 (syllabus • using book)

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