Industrial Uses of Enzymes

1. Industrial Uses of Enzymes Washing powders food manufacture Drink manufacture

2. What are enzymes? Enzymes are _______ found in living cells which act as biological _______ . Enzymes have a specific _______ which means they can only work on ____reaction each. Enzymes work best at a particular temperature called the _______ temperature. Above this temperature the enzymes are ________(or denatured). This is because their ________ is changed. Enzymes also work best at an optimum ______. one shape optimum destroyed proteins pH shape catalysts

3. Fermentation Yeast (a micro-organism) contains enzymes which change sugar into ethanol (alcohol). A second product of the reaction is carbon dioxide. Uses of fermentation include: • Brewing • Making wine • Bread making

4. yeast Fermentation is a chemical reaction. Glucose (sugar) Ethanol(alcohol) + carbon dioxide C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

5. Cheese • Milk is heated to 70 C for 30 minutes to kill harmful bacteria. This is called pasteurisation. • After cooling to 30 C useful bacteria are added. • These bacteriaproduce an enzyme which changes lactose into lactic acid. • This makes the milk turn sour. • Rennet is added which contains the enzyme rennin. This makes the milk curdle. • The lumps are called curds and these are the basis for cheese. • Other bacteria or fungi are added to ripen the cheese. This gives each type of cheese its characteristic smell and flavour.

6. Washing Powders Enzymes in the washing powders are used to digest some stains. Proteases would remove protein stains such as blood. Lipases would remove fat stains and cellulases remove loose bobbles