GOSAT Project and Mission Overview Takashi Hamazaki Project Manager

1. GOSAT Project and Mission Overview Takashi Hamazaki Project Manager Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

2. GOSAT is the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite. the satellite to monitor the global distribution of Green House Gases (GHG). the joint project of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ministry of Environment (MOE), and National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). scheduled to be launched by H-IIA launch vehicle in Aug.2008. Introduction

3. GOSAT has two major mission objectives; (1)To contribute to the environmental policy development. - by monitoring the global distribution of GHG(CO2 and CH4) - by estimating the source and sink of GHG at sub-continental scale. (2)To contribute to the advancement of earth observation technologies. - by developing Short Wave and Thermal Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer - by developing highly reliable and robust satellite system Mission Objectives

4. To observe CO2 and CH4 column density - at 100-1000km spatial scale (with scanning mechanical) - with relative accuracy of 1% for CO2(4ppmv, 3 month average) and 2% for CH4. - during the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period (2008 to 2012). (2) To reduce sub-continental scale CO2 annual flux estimation errors by half -0.54GtC/yr→0.27GtC/yr Mission Targets

5. GHG Observing Points Ground Stations (current) From Space (GOSAT) （By WMO WDCGG） ・Over 100,000 points per 3days ・Global and frequent observation with an single instrument • 274 ground stations in the world. • The observing data from these stations is distributed from WDCGG of WMO • The number of stations is limited, and they exists unevenly in the world. • WDCGG: World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases • WMO :World Meteorological Organization

6. Annual Flux Estimation Annual Flux (GtC/yr) of CO2 in Sub-continental Scale Current Estimation Error: 0.54GtC/yr

7. (1) Primary mission Short Wave Infrared observation CO2 and CH4 column density (day time) (2) Secondary mission Thermal Infrared observation CO2 and CH4 altitude profile CO2 and CH4 column density (night time) Other gases (O3, etc) Other products (Temperature profile, Earth radiation) Mission Priority

8. Organization • ORGANIZATION GOSAT is the joint project of JAXA, MOE(Ministry of Environment) and NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies). MOE JAXA • Sensor development • Satellite development • H-IIA launch • Satellite operation • Data acquisition • Calibration • Sensor development • (Funding Support) • Date use for Policy development • Algorithms development • Data use for science • Validation NIES

9. GOSAT Satellite and Launcher

10. To improve Robustness and Survivability as much as possible.”Reliability First”. to reduce the single failure points as much as possible Dual solar array wings Dual power-supply buses Dual X-band antennas - Countermeasure for dual-failures for Attitude Control & Thruster Sub-system To Utilize and Reuse as much existing equipments as possible to achieve high-reliability and low cost. To Utilize Information Technology for improving reliability and development efficiency. Satellite System

11. Sensor Characteristics

12. Observed Gases and Wave Length Short Wave Infrared Thermal Infrared

13. GOSAT development schedule Phase up Review Launch PQR PSR PDR CDR Delivery to Satellite system PDR CDR PQR, PSR May 2005

14. GOSAT project has entered into Phase-C. Sensor BBM fabrication & test has been almost completed. Sensor BBM aircraft and airship demonstrations are underway. Sensor EM fabrication and test has been started. Preliminary Design Review (PDR) will be held in July. GOSAT project is making a solid progress! Conclusion