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Erasmus Mundus MSc MEDFOR Palencia , 29 January 2013 Specialization offered by the Portuguese Catholic University (P

Erasmus Mundus MSc MEDFOR Palencia , 29 January 2013 Specialization offered by the Portuguese Catholic University (Porto): Sustainable management of Mediterranean forests : an Institutional Economics approach Américo M. S. Carvalho Mendes & the UCP (Porto) team.

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Erasmus Mundus MSc MEDFOR Palencia , 29 January 2013 Specialization offered by the Portuguese Catholic University (P

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  1. ErasmusMundusMSc MEDFOR Palencia, 29 January 2013 Specializationofferedbythe PortugueseCatholicUniversity (Porto): SustainablemanagementofMediterraneanforests: anInstitutionalEconomicsapproach Américo M. S. Carvalho Mendes & the UCP (Porto) team

  2. Whythisspecialization? • Keytopicsofthecoursecontents • Keyconcepts • Keyissues • Suggestions for dissertationtopics Outline

  3. The fundamental mistakeofforestmanagement • To manageforestsIS NOT, firstofall,to managetrees, forest stands, orforestlandscapes. Whythisspecializa-tion?

  4. The fundamental mistakeofforestmanagement • To manageforestsIS, firstofall,to managepeoplewhoown, valueandusethosetrees, forest stands, orforestlandscapes to sustaintheirlivelihoods. Whythisspecializa-tion?

  5. Thisiswhyitisimportant to takeintoaccount: • theinstitutions (formal and informal social norms), communitiesandtheorganisations (families, firms, forestowners’ organisations, publicorganisations, etc.) • withinwhichandthroughwhich • humanbeings • behave • Inorder to appropriate, to valueand to useforestresources for theirlivelihoods. Whythisspecializa-tion?

  6. KEY CONCEPTS for anInstitutionalEconomicsapproach • THEIR RELEVANCE for major issuesspecific to Mediterraneanforestmanagement Keytopicsinthecoursecontents

  7. TypesofTHINGSpeoplevalue(GOODSandSERVICES): • The 5 dimensionsof a precise definitionofgoodsandservices • Typologyintermsofthemodeofappropriation (degreeofexclusionanddegreeofrivalry) Keyconcepts

  8. TypesofVALUESpeoplegive to things: • Notonly Use and Exchange Value • Butalso • Symbolicexchangevalue • Identityvalue • Cognitivevalue • Eudemonicvalue Keyconcepts

  9. VALUES peoplegive to actions, intentionsandpersonalitytraits (MORAL VALUES) as theinternalregulatorsofhumanBEHAVIOURS Keyconcepts

  10. SOCIAL NORMS (or INSTITUTIONS) as theexternalregulatorsofhumanbehaviours: • Similaritiesanddifferenceswithrespect to moral values • Genesisof social norms: cooperation, coordinationandconflictresolutionproblems • Rights (humanrights, propertyrights, etc.) Keyconcepts

  11. VALUE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES: • Market processes andnonmarket processes • The “expansionaynature” ofthemarket processes andthetendency to economicglobalisation Keyconcepts

  12. ORGANIZATIONS: • General conceptoforganizations • Typesoforganizationsandtheirspecificities: • Families • Firms • Social economyorganizations • Stateorganizations Keyconcepts

  13. COMMUNITIES: • Conceptofhumancommunities • Economicrelevanceandeconomicpropertiesofhumancommunities Keyconcepts

  14. SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE: • Conceptsofsustainabilityandresilience • Sustainabilityandresilienceofhumanorganizations • Sustainabilityandresilienceofhumancommunities Keyconcepts

  15. SOCIETY and GOVERNANCE: • Conceptofhumansociety • Conceptsofgovernance (Weak vs. Goodgovernance) • Agencytheoryapproach to policyformulationandimplementation (resouceavailability, individual andgrouprationalityand incentive compatibility) Keyconcepts

  16. Whyforestlandexpandordecreaseinthelongrun? • Longruntrendsinforestandotherland uses dependverymuchonthevaluespeoplegive to forestsandonthedynamicsofhumansocieties • Do public policies (nationalforest policies, EU polices, etc.) play a major role inthesetrends? • Forestland uses andmarketdynamics • Some forest use valuesalsohaveanexchangevalue, butothersdon’t (carbonsequestration, biodiversity, landscapequality, etc.) • InMediterraneanforestnonmarket use valuesare veryimportant • How to find a “monetaryvaluation” andaninstitutionalsetting for “internalisation” ofthosenonmarket use values? • Conflictingor “multifunctional” uses offorestresources? • Agro-pastoral uses vs. “productiveforest” uses • “Productiveforest” uses vs. “urban” or “conservation” uses • Whatinstitutions for conflictresolution? Keyissues

  17. Forestpropertyrights • Verywidediversityofforestpropertyrights regimes inMediterraneanforests • Are these regimes changing? Inwhatdirection? • Forestlandownershipfragmentation: Isitpossible to copewithsmallscaleforestownershipinorder to improveforestmanagement? What role offorestowners’ and local developmentorganisations? • Forestrisks • ThehighrisksofforestfiresinMediterraneanforests • Do theseriskshavemainly a “natural” originornot? • Institutionalandorganisationalarrangements for forestfirepreventionandextinction • Public policies • Forestpolicyfailuresandthe fundamental mistakeofforestmanagement • Agencybasedapproach to forestpolicyformulationandimplementation (resouceavailability, individual andgrouprationalityand incentive compatibility) Keyissues

  18. Foundationsof Social Economics • EconomicsandManagementof Social EconomyOrganisations • SustainableDevelopment • GovernanceofMediterraneanForests • ResearchMethods (quantitative, qualitative) Courses

  19. Longruntrendsinforestandnonforestland uses accrosstheMediterraneancountries • Descriptionwithcomparable data • Analysis: maininfluentialfactors • Roles ofpublic policies • Nonmarket use valuesofMediterraneanforests • Monetaryvaluation • Successful cases ofinternalisation • Conflictingor “multifunctional” uses ofofforestresources? • Successfulandnonsuccessful cases of “multifunctional” uses • Institutionalarrangements for successful “multifunctionality” Suggestions for dissertationtopics

  20. Forestpropertyrights • Description: varietyofforestpropertyrights regimes accrossMediterraneancountries • Analysis: Are these regimes changing? Where, howandwhy? • Modesofcollectiveorganisationofforestownersandusers • Description: privateforestowners’ organisations, communalforests, hunters, etc. • Analysis: Do theseformsofcollectiveactionhaveanimpactonforestmanagement? • Forestfires • Role ofhumanand social factorsinforestfiresintheMediterraneancountries • Institutionalarrangements for forestfirespreventionandextinction: Are therebestpractices? Are theytransferable? • Public policies • Implementationanalysisof a forestprogrammmebasedontheagencytheoryframework (identificationofimplementationsuccessesorfailures; explanationoftheseimplementationgaps) Suggestions for dissertationtopics

  21. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION carvalho.mendes@sapo.pt

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