2005 OBP Bi-Annual Peer Review Biorefinery Project Overview

1. 2005 OBP Bi-Annual Peer Review Biorefinery Project Overview Neil P. Rossmeissl U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of the Biomass Program

2. Barriers for Technology Private Cost-Share: OBP Cost-Share: Project Timeline: Development Stages: Unexpected Cost: Risk Mitigation: Potential Future OBP/EERE Deployment Efforts (to overcome financial barriers) Attainment of performance criteria Mechanical completion Commissioning Delays in attainment of performance criteria “A” Milestone Achieved Technical Risk Minimized Development Costs Current Biorefinery Projects First Commercial Plant Procurement Technology Development Proof of Concept Permitting & Engineering Basic R&D Commercially Viable Demo Construction Operation Operation 80% / 20% 50% / 50% 20% / 80% Loan Guarantee Program/Risk Mitigation Pool 100% / 0%

3. The Holistic Ethanol Facility Oil Germ Separation Corn Quick Steep Scarification 95% EtOH EtOH Fermentation Ethanol Recovery Molecular Sieves Filtration Starch 100% EtOH New DDG Animal Feed “Fiber” Hydrolysis Ethanol Fermentation Itaconic Succinic, Etc Gasification Catalytic Conversions EG, PG Glycerol, Etc Fuel/Power

4. Value Added Products “Generic Model” glucose glucose starch enzymatic starch enzymatic filter filter corn corn grind grind ethanol ethanol fermentation fermentation hydrolysis hydrolysis DDG DDG polyhydroxyamides polyhydroxyamides hemicellulose hemicellulose arabinaric arabinaric acid acid (feed) (feed) oxidation oxidation . . chelators chelators enzymatic enzymatic xylaric xylaric acid acid monomers monomers hydrolysis hydrolysis . . cellulose cellulose • • enzymes enzymes arabinose arabinose monomers and high value solvents monomers and high value solvents protein protein g g • • itaconic itaconic acid acid xylose xylose - - butyrolactone butyrolactone (GBL) (GBL) Lignin Lignin . . • • diammonium diammonium 1,4 1,4 - - butanediol butanediol Fats/oils Fats/oils filter filter fermentation fermentation succinate succinate 2 2 - - Pyrrolidinone Pyrrolidinone Hydro Hydro - - hydrogenation hydrogenolysis • • succinic succinic acid acid N N - - methyl methyl - - 2 2 - - pyrrolidinone pyrrolidinone (NMP) (NMP) genation genation N N - - vinyl vinyl - - 2 2 - - pyrrolidinone pyrrolidinone other acids/ other acids/ 3 3 - - methyl methyl pyrrolidinone pyrrolidinone derivatives derivatives monomers monomers ethylene glycol propylene glycol glycerol 3 3 - - methyl methyl - - THF THF

5. Agricultural Sector Biorefinery Pathways Conversion Pathway Options Under Industrial Partners Program “A” Biorefinery Pathway Feedstocks Consideration ( each has a Milestones B Milestone - cost target ) • ADM • NCGA • Cargill • NCGA • Aventine • Nature Works, LLC · Residual Starch Conversion Complete systems level · demonstration and validation of Fiber Conversion Corn Wet and Dry Mills · New Fractionation Process technologies to improve Grain · corn wet mill facilities using Products from C 5 / C 6 Sugars · corn grain feedstock Products from Oils • Abengoa • Broin • Dupont Complete systems level · Residual Starch Conversion demonstration and validation of · Other DDG Conversion technologies to improve · New Fractionation Process Grains corn dry mill facilities using · Products from C 5 / C 6 Sugars corn ( and other ) grain feedstock Oil Crops • ADM • DOW • Cargill • Rohm & Hass Complete systems level Oil demonstration and validation of · Products from Oils Crops technologies to improve natural oil processing facilities using oil crop feedstock · Biomass Sugar Production • Abengoa • Dupont • Cargill • Nature Works LLC Agriculture Residues · Corn · Products from C 5 / C 6 Sugars · Products from Lignin Stover Complete systems level · Biomass Gasification · Small Grain demonstration and validation of · Products from Synthesis Gas Straw technologies to improve · New Fractionation Processes · Rice Straw processing facilities using · Products from New Process agricultural residue feedstocks Intermediates · Biomass Sugar Production Perennial Crops • Chariton Valley • Great Plains Institute • Univ. of Tennessee · Products from C 5 / C 6 Sugars · Products from Lignin Complete systems level · · Grasses Biomass Gasification demonstration and validation of · · Products from Synthesis Gas Woody technologies to improve · New Fractionation Processes Crops processing facilities using · Products from New Process Perennial Crops Intermediates · New Consolidated Processes

6. Fund Solicitations to Overcome Barriers Chemicals and Materials Liquid Fuels

7. FY2002 Solicitation • Industries Engaged: • Dry Mills • Wet Mills • Chemicals • Technologies Being Developed: • Fractionation • Pretreatment • Hydrolysis • Strain Development • Fermentation • Catalysis • Various Separation Technologies • Harvesting • Storage • Expected Outcomes: • Chemicals • Fuel • Value-added products • Pathways: • Corn Dry Mill Improvements Pathway • Corn Wet Mill Improvements Pathway • Agricultural Residue Pathway

8. Relevance to Pathways • Broin: A Second Generation Dry Mill Biorefinery • ADM/NCGA: Separation of Corn Fiber and Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals • Cargill: New Biorefinery Platform Intermediate Project • Cargill: Making the Industrial Biorefinery Happen • Cargill/MAT: Collection, Commercial Processing and Utilization of Corn Stover • DuPont: Integrated Corn Based Biorefinery Project • Abengoa: Advanced Biorefining of Distiller’s Grain and Corn Stover Blends

9. Congressionally Directed • Industries Engaged: • Dry Mills • Pulp & Paper • Chemicals • Technologies Being Developed: • Pretreatment • Hydrolysis • Gasification • Fermentation • Catalysis • Harvesting • Storage • Expected Outcomes: • Chemicals • Fuel • Value-added products • Pathways: • Corn Dry Mill Improvements Pathway • Pulp and Paper Pathway • Agricultural Residue Pathway • Forest Residue

10. Relevance to Pathways • GTI: Commercial Demo of Thermodepolymerization (TDP) Technology, Nevada • MBI: Biorefinery • GTI: Ag Waste Biorefinery using TDP • Mississippi Ethanol Gasification • Iroquois Bioenergy: Corn Dry Mill to Ethanol Plant • AgraPure: Fibrowatt • University of ND: EERC Center for Biomass Utilization • Brazos River: North Central Texas Dairy Waste • Farm Power: Small Scale Waste Energy Demo • Louisiana State: Improved Biorefinery From Sugar Cane • Mount Wachusett: Modular Biopower Micro-Cooling and Power • North Country Hospital: Biomass Cogeneration Project • Georgia Pacific: Demo of Black Liquor Gasification • Sealaska Corp: Southeast Alaska Ethanol Project • Changing World: Ag Mixed Waste Biorefinery • City of Gridley: City of Gridley Biofuels Project

11. Platform Budget

12. Platform Barriers

13. Goals & Approach • Complete technology development necessary to enable start-up demonstration of a biorefinery producing fuels, chemicals and power by 2012 at an existing or new corn dry mill. • Help U.S. industry establish the first large-scale sugar biorefinery based on agricultural residues by 2018. • Complete technology integration to demonstrate a minimum sugar selling price of $0.64/lb resulting in a minimum ethanol selling price of $1.09/gal by 2020 from ag residues or dedicated perennial energy crops. • Complete the technology integration of thermochemical processes into a sugar biorefinery to produce syngas at $3.84/MMBtu by 2030 from lignin or wood feedstocks.

14. Key Accomplishments • Development and demonstration of a new front-end pretreatment operation for a dry mill by Broin that increases the ethanol yield and produces more valuable high protein animal feed. • Demonstrated a pilot plant by ADM and the NCGA at NREL to scale-up bench results to define operating parameters involved in integrating processes into existing corn wet mills.

15. Presentation Agenda • Integrated Biorefinery Analysis: Bob Wallace, NREL • Integrated Corn-Based Biorefinery: Bill Provine, DuPont • Making Industrial Biorefinery Happen:Bob Wooley, NatureWorks LLC Break • Collection of Corn Stover: David Glassner, NatureWorks LLC • New Biorefinery Platform Intermediate: Jim Millis, Cargill Inc. • Second Generation Dry Mill: Steve Lewis, Broin & Associates Lunch • Advanced Biorefining of DDG and Corn Stover: Patrick Mulvihill, Abengoa Bioenergy • Separation of Corn Fiber and Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals: Nathan Fields, NCGA Break • Demonstration of BLG at Big Island: Larry Rath, NETL • Southeast Alaska Ethanol: Fran Ferraro, Merrick • City of Gridley Biofuels: Dennis Schuetzle, TSS Consultants