Exploring Periodic Table Groups & Elements

1. Special Groups and Names Color the Periodic Table on the back of the note paper as we go through the different groups.

2. What are Alkali Metals? • Elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table

3. Physical Properties • Shiny metals • Very soft and light weight • Good conductors of electricity

4. Chemical Properties • All have an electron configuration that ends in s1 • Only one electron in their outermost energy level • Highly reactive because they want to lose that electron • React violently with water • Have the lowest ionization potentials in their periods

5. What are Alkaline-Earth Metals? • Elements in Group 2 of the Periodic Table

6. Physical Properties • Silvery colored • Each of the metals have two electrons on the outmost shell • The two electrons make the Alkaline metals harder, more dense, and have higher melting points than the metals in group 1

7. Chemical Properties • Highly reactive, but slightly less reactive then the alkali metals • React strongly with halogens to form salt ions and when combined with water, they form alkaline hydroxides • Usually react with oxygen, which wants 2 electrons, to form oxides

8. What are Halogens? • Elements in Group 17 of the Periodic Table • The word halogen comes from Greek and means “salt maker”

9. Physical Properties • Halogens have a wide range of physical properties. • The melting and boiling point of the halogens increase as one moves down the periodic table. This is why at room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine and astatine are solids. • Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element.

10. Chemical Properties • Most reactive nonmetals on the Periodic Table • Halogens have 7 valence electrons and therefore need one more to have a complete octet. • Reacts with most metals, especially alkali metals, to produce salts.

11. What are Noble Gases? • Any of the chemically inert, gaseous elements of the periodic table • Elements are located in Group 18 on the periodic table • Also known as the Helium or Neon Family • All found in small quantities in the atmosphere

12. Physical Properties • Odorless & Colorless • Monatomic Construction (having one atom in the molecule) • Boil at low temperatures, ranging from Helium’s boiling point of -268.830C to Radon’s point of -620C • Melt at low temperatures ranging from Helium’s point of -2720C to Radon’s point of -710C

13. Chemical Properties • Rarely react with other elements, defining them as “stable” • Low chemical reactions allowing for few compounds to be formed (Helium, Neon, and Argon do not have any known combinations) • So, highly unreactive due to the full amount of valence electrons in outer shell (total of 8)

14. Other Groups • The Transition Metals • Electron configuration ends in d • Found in the middle of the Periodic Table (The d block) • Can lose a number of different electrons depending on the element with which it reacts • The InnerTransition Metals • Electron configuration ends in f • Found at the bottom of the Periodic Table (The f block) • Subdivided in the lanthanide and actinide series.