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CIS 228

The Internet 10/11/11 Fonts and Colors. CIS 228. Attaching CSS to a Web Page. Style element Attribute type=”text/css” Content: one or more CSS rules Link element (empty element) Attribute type=”text/css” Attribute rel=”stylesheet”

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CIS 228

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  1. The Internet 10/11/11 Fonts and Colors CIS 228

  2. Attaching CSS to a Web Page • Style element • Attribute type=”text/css” • Content: one or more CSS rules • Link element (empty element) • Attribute type=”text/css” • Attribute rel=”stylesheet” • Attribute href=”somepath/file.css” • CSS file contains one or more CSS rules • Both <link> and <style> belong in <head>

  3. CSS Rules • Template: selector { property : value+ ; } • Selector identifies 0 or more elements in a document • (Remember a document is a tree of elements) • Element names can be selectors (e.g. blockquote, p, q …) • Property governs an aspect of element presentation • Value specifies a property (e.g. 7, 7px, 7%, red, etc.) • Example: h1, q, em { • background-color: maroon ; • border: 1px solid blue ; • }

  4. Some CSS Properties • color • maroon • grey • background-color • border • border-bottom • font-family • sans-serif • serif

  5. Property Inheritance • Some property values are inherited • e.g. color, font-family • Some are not • e.g. border (why?) • Elements pass inherited values to their children • e.g. em inherits color from p • Inheritance can be overridden by explicit assignment • e.g. em { • color: maroon ; • }

  6. Determining Property Values • What is the value v of property p on element e? • Is there a rule that selects e and defines p? • Only one? that rule gives v • More than one? take the (physically) last one • Is p an inherited property? • Take the value of p for e's parent • Otherwise • Default value • To come: what if there are multiple style sheets?

  7. The Class Attribute • Distinguishes elements having the same name • All Sam's must ware red hats • All Sam's in the drama club must ware red hats • XHTML (and HTML) • Any element (in <body>) can have a class attribute • e.g. <p class=”legalese”>...</p> • CSS • p.legalese { color: red ; } • .legalese { font-size: small ; }

  8. Font Families • Sans-serif • Ariel, Verdana, Geneva, Helvetica, “DejaVu Sans” • Serif • “Times New Roman”, Times, “DejaVu Serif” • Monospace • “Courier New”, Courier, “DejaVu Sans Mono” • Cursive • “Comic Sans”, Cartoon, “Apple Chancery” • Fantasy • Impact, “Last Ninja”, Crush, Papyrus

  9. Font Size • Keywords: • xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large • Absolute size: • Pixels: 14px • Points: 14pt • Relative size: • Reference character: 1.4em • Percentage: 140% • Suggestions: • Default: use keyword (medium or small) in body rule • Otherwise: use relative size measurements

  10. Other Text Properties • font-weight • “bold” or “normal” • font-style • “italic” (“oblique”) or nothing • text-decoration • “underline”, “overline”, “line-through”, “blink”, “none” • line-height • e.g. 1.6em or 160%

  11. Color • Specifying color • 17 named colors • black, white, red, green, blue, aqua, fuchsia, yellow, etc. • Red-Green-Blue triples • rgb(100%, 50%, 25$) • rgb(255, 127, 63) • Hex codes • #FF7F3F • #963 (= #996633)

  12. Setting Defaults • Set defaults for inherited properties on body element • body { • font-family: Verdana, Geneva, “Dejavu Sans”, Arial, san-serif ; • font-size: medium ; • background-color: #FEA ; • Color: #963 ; • } • h1 { font-size: 150% ; } • h3 { font-size: 1.2em ; }

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