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Lecture 10

Lecture 10. Sino-US R approchement 1969－1972. Nixon ’ s Dilemma. Soviet ’ s challenge in nuclear weapons competition; Vietnam War; Economic competition with Western Europe & Japan ’ s. China ’ s Deteriorating Security. Sino-Soviet Border Clashes; Sino-US hostility in Vietnam War;

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Lecture 10

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  1. Lecture 10 Sino-US Rapprochement 1969－1972

  2. Nixon’s Dilemma • Soviet’s challenge in nuclear weapons competition; • Vietnam War; • Economic competition with Western Europe & Japan’s.

  3. China’s Deteriorating Security • Sino-Soviet Border Clashes; • Sino-US hostility in Vietnam War; • Sino-Japan’s Stalemate; • Sino-India’s deteriorating relations; • Sino-North Vietnam subtle relations in Brezhnev’s Era.

  4. Nixon’s Measures • National Strategy: return from idealistic to realistic thinking; • Pivotal position in US, Soviet and China trilateral relations; • Centralize decision-making to NSC; • Secret Diplomacy.

  5. Mao Zedong’s Measures • Strategic thinking: “Borrowing strength of the barbarians to check the barbarians”; “Pursuing a united front with a less dangerous enemy in order to focus on the contest against the primary enemy”; “Making friends with the country far away and defend the neighboring enemy;” • Oct., 1968,normalizing of diplomatic affairs since CCP’s 12th Plenary Session of 8th Central Committee; • Zhou Enlai in charge of foreign affairs.

  6. Communication Channels • Warsaw Channel; • Pakistan Channel; • Paris Channel; • New York Channel.

  7. Sino-US Leaders’ Talks • July 9-11, 1971,Kissinger’s secret trip (4 talks); • Oct. 20-26, 1971, Kissinger’s 2nd China trip (10 talks); • Jan. 3-10, 1972, Haig’s China trip (4 talks); • Feb. 21-28, 1972, Nixon’s China trip Nixon Vs. Zhou Enlai; Kissinger Vs. Qiao Guanhua; Rogers Vs. Ji Pengfei.

  8. Comparison of Bilateral Power Position(Macroscopic Perspective) • developed nation Vs. developing nation; • Superpower Vs. Regional Power; • Decreasing of US power Vs. increasing of China power.

  9. Reevaluation of Bilateral power position(Microscopic Perspective) • Host Vs. Guest; • Negotiation duration, tempo; • Communication with headquarter; • International situation matters: India-Pakistan conflict, stalement of Paris Talks.

  10. 周总理接见尼克松总统

  11. Preparations before Negotiations • Individual needs & exchange interests; • Bottom line on every issue; • Skill in the negotiation.

  12. Forms of Negotiation • Pre-summit talks; • Summit talks; • Cross-level talks.

  13. Contest in the Negotiation • Kissinger’s ambiguity Vs. Zhou Enlai’s uncertainty； • Issue Vs. Question； • Pragmatism Vs. Ethic norms; • Prestige & Honor.

  14. American Features in the Negotiation • Floating leverage; • “Stick” &. “Carrot”； • Cordial & sincere wording.

  15. Key Variables in Negotiation • Power • Culture • Emotion

  16. Interfering Variables • Location; • Duration; • Frequency.

  17. Diplomatic Etiquette • Clothing • Food • Housing • Traffic

  18. US Perception on Chinese Government • Top officials: determined and high moral standard; • Good control of public.

  19. Negotiators • Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Qiao Guanhua, Ji Pengfei; • Nixon, Kissinger, Rogers, Jenkins;

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