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1. Exam on Tuesday The format of the exam Six ID items 2 short answer 1 essay The study guide is on the Web site @ www.uiowa.edu/~c019091/. 2. The critical essay is due on April 24. Let’s discuss it now. Announcements. General outline. I. Time-line

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  1. 1. Exam on Tuesday The format of the exam Six ID items 2 short answer 1 essay The study guide is on the Web site @ www.uiowa.edu/~c019091/ 2. The critical essay is due on April 24. Let’s discuss it now. Announcements

  2. General outline I. Time-line II. Context: Lippman—a 20th c. journalist A. Discussion of Lippman’s career B. Atlantic Monthly column C. Summary of the social context III. Ford’s “The International Jew” IV. The trajectory chart

  3. I. Time-line • 1908—Intro. of the Model T • 1915-20: A series of crises • Loses/regains control of company to shareholder • 1918-20: “Protocols” reach America/”Yiddish Bolshevism” • 1919 – Ford purchases The Dearborn Independent

  4. Time-line (cont.) • May 20, 1920-Jan. 14, 1922: “The International Jew: The World’s Problem” appeared in the Independent. • June 24, 1920:Independent first publishes from the “Protocols”

  5. “If it is “anti-Semitism” to say that Communism in the United States is Jewish, so be it; but to the unprejudiced mind it will look like Americanism” Henry Ford, The International Jew-The World’s Foremost Problem.

  6. II. A. Walter Lippman—Intro. • Noted columnist and public opinion leader • second-generation German Jew • Started as a columnist 1921 for the reformist New York World; was editor there from 1929-31. • TheNew York Herald-Tribune—long-running column, "Today and Tomorrow.” • Opposed the trend toward nativist propaganda, e.g. “Yiddish Bolshevism”

  7. II. Walter Lippman (cont.) • Concept: “Pictures in our heads” vs. propaganda • He saw propaganda as the effort to alter those “pictures.” • Book—Public Opinion (1922)

  8. II. B. Lippman in The Atlantic Monthly

  9. II. C. Summary of socialcontext • Ribuffo — “counter-subversive theories;” “myths of origin;” • “Othered” positions (R.) — Prohibition, the Ku Klux Klan, Fundamentalism, and xenophobia. Also anti-Semitism and anti-Communism. (Historical/cultural position). • A “search for moral order” after WW I (p. 448).

  10. Juxtaposing a mainstream media perspective with a dominant trend: 1. Strong anti-immmigrant sentiment, especially “The ‘endless stream’” from the 1880s on. Vs. 2. Lippman: “The alien invasion is, in fact the new America produced by the growth and the prosperity of America.”

  11. Trajectory • Outsiders? Jews/immigrants (as proxy villains). • Goal for change? To stop change by preserving the mythical order of society. • Mainstream press’s ideological base? Anti-Communist but not anti-Semitic. • Outcome? The mainstream press matured with a newly defined critical position.

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