1 / 36

Motion in Physics: Distance, Displacement, Speed, and Acceleration

Discover the fundamentals of motion in physics, from distance versus displacement to speed and velocity equations. Learn about acceleration, velocity graphs, and how to solve speed and velocity problems with step-by-step calculations.

mitchellreed
Download Presentation

Motion in Physics: Distance, Displacement, Speed, and Acceleration

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. What is Motion??? Motion—the movement of an object in relation to frame of reference.

  2. Frame of Reference

  3. Motion Terms: • Distance vs. Displacement • Distance—How far you move. • Displacement—How far you are from where you started!! 50 m

  4. 1A) A Student walks from A to B to C to D and back to A. What distance did the student travel? 0 meters 6 meters 10 meters 12 meters

  5. 1B) A Student walks from A to B to C to D and back to A. What is the student’s displacement? • 0 meters • 6 meters • 10 meters • 12 meters

  6. Same direction: ADD Opposite direction: SUBRACT Distance Vs. Displacement

  7. Vectors are drawn as arrows Vector Diagrams E Vector lines are also labeled Displacement = D C A Distance = B • 1 block East Vector A • 1 block North Vector B • 2 blocks East Vector C • 3 blocks north Vector D • 3 blocks west Vector E

  8. d v t Speed • Speedis the distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occurred • Where: d is distance(displacement)----given in m or km t is time----given in s or hr v is velocity-----given in m/s or km/hr

  9. Instantaneous vs. Average Speed Instantaneous Speed Average Speed Normally, objects do not travel at a constant speed • The speed at any instant in time.

  10. Velocity • Velocity • speed in a given direction • can change even when the speed is constant!

  11. The Velocity Equation: • Where: d is distance(displacement)----given in m or km t is time----given in s or hr v is velocity-----given in m/s or km/hr Same equation used for speed!!!

  12. SPEED VS VELOCITY • Speed vs. Velocity • Speed—How fast you move!! • Velocity—Speed in a particular direction!!

  13. Solving Word Problems: • Write down what you are given(the important stuff like #’s, etc.). • Write down what you are looking for! • Find an equation that fits what you have. • Solve the equation for what you are looking for! • Plug and Chug!!

  14. Solving Speed and Velocity Problems: 1) A person walks 50 m in 12 s. At what velocity did the person travel? Given: d = 50 m t = 12 s s = ? S S S

  15. 2) A car is moving down the road at 25 m/s. How far will it travel in 18 s? Given: s = 25 m/s t = 18 s d = ? S S S

  16. 3) A whale is swimming across the ocean at 14 m/s. How long will it take the whale to swim 1000 m? Given: v = 14 m/s d = 1000 m t = ? S S

  17. Distance Vs. Time Graphs What can be determined by the slope of a distance time graph?

  18. Straight Line, therefore constant Velocity!!

  19. Accelerated Motion

  20. Acceleration • Defined as a rate of change of velocity. • In order to accelerate, an objects’ velocity must change!! • ways to change velocity: • Speed up. • Slow down. • Change direction • Change in BOTH speed and direction

  21. Which of these pictures represents acceleration? Why??

  22. Which vehicle is accelerating? How can we tell?

  23. vf- vi t a Acceleration Equation Where: vf = final velocity(in m/s) vi = initial velocity(in m/s) t = time(in s) a = acceleration(in m/s/s or m/s2)

  24. 4) A police car changes its velocity from 5 m/s to 20 m/s in 4 s. Find the rate of acceleration of the car. Given: vi = 5 m/s vf = 20 m/s t = 4 s a = ?

  25. 5) A world class sprinter can accelerate from rest to a velocity of 10 m/s in 1.8 s. Determine the rate of acceleration of the sprinter? Given: vi = 0 m/s vf = 10 m/s t = 1.8 s a = ?

  26. 6) While driving down the road at 14 m/s, a dog runs out in the road in front of you. You slam on brakes and come to a complete stop in 3.5 s. Find the rate of acceleration. Given: vi =14 m/s vf = 0 m/s t = 3.5 s a = ? Negative, therefore slowing down!!

  27. vf - vi t a Calculations 7) A roller coaster starts down a hill at 10 m/s. Three seconds later, its speed is 32 m/s. What is the roller coaster’s acceleration? GIVEN: vi = 10 m/s t = 3 s vf = 32 m/s a = ? WORK: a = (vf- vi) ÷ t a = (32m/s - 10m/s) ÷ (3s) a = 22 m/s ÷ 3 s a= 7.3 m/s2

  28. vf - vi t a Calculations 8) A skater goes from a standstill to a speed of 6.7 m/s in 12 seconds.  What is the acceleration of the skater? GIVEN: vi = 0 m/s t = 12 s vf = 6.7 m/s a = ? WORK: a = (vf- vi) ÷ t a = (6.7m/s - 0m/s) ÷ (12s) a = 6.7 m/s ÷ 12 s a= .56 m/s2

  29. vf - vi t a Calculations 9) As a shuttle bus comes to a normal stop, it slows from 9.00m/s to 0.00m/s in 5.00s.  Find the average acceleration of the bus. GIVEN: vi = 9 m/s t = 5 s vf = 0 m/s a = ? WORK: a = (vf- vi) ÷ t a = (0m/s - 9m/s) ÷ (5s) a = -9 m/s ÷ 5 s a= -1.8 m/s2

  30. vf -vi t a Calculations 10) How long will it take a car traveling 30 m/s to come to a stop if its acceleration is -3 m/s2? GIVEN: t = ? vi = 30 m/s vf = 0 m/s a = -3 m/s2 WORK: t = (vf- vi) ÷ a t = (0m/s-30m/s)÷(-3m/s2) t = -30 m/s ÷ -3m/s2 t = 10 s

  31. When does the slope of a velocity time graph = acceleration? Always, you Clown!!!

  32. A speed- time graph shows us how the speed of a moving object changes with time. A horizontal line means the object is moving at a steady speed. The steeper the graph, the greater the acceleration. A downward sloping line means the object is slowing down.

  33. Acceleration • Positive acceleration • “speeding up” • Negative acceleration • “slowing down”

  34. Is this object moving? • Does it have a velocity? • What is the objects’ acceleration?

More Related