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Vietnam poverty & environment nexus study phase II Land resource – Poverty Study in Vietnam

Vietnam poverty & environment nexus study phase II Land resource – Poverty Study in Vietnam. Tran Nhu Trung Vice director of TECOS Join stock company of consultancy service & technology development for natural resources & environment.

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Vietnam poverty & environment nexus study phase II Land resource – Poverty Study in Vietnam

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  1. Vietnam poverty & environment nexus study phase IILand resource – Poverty Study in Vietnam Tran Nhu Trung Vice director of TECOS Join stock company of consultancy service & technology development for natural resources & environment

  2. Why is the land law an important topic in poverty and environment? • The land Law was first implemented in 1987. The latest Land Law 2003 with more toward to the economic & social (poverty) development objectives of Vietnam • There is a need for monitoring the impact of land policy on poverty & environment • 3 land administration measures • Land allocation (forestland) • Land titling (land use right certificate) • Land use planning (land law = modern LUPs)

  3. A database for 611 districts & 61 provinces: containing 5 data groups: 1) general socio-economic, 2) Topographic & infrastructure, 3) Poverty, 4) Land & 5) Environmental data.

  4. Case study • Tuyen Quang province • Nghe An province • Binh Dinh province • 6 districts • 6 communes • 12 villages • 176 households • Contrasted conditions among case study areas

  5. Commune Uses of sloped land Important stakeholders % poor Ethnic groups TQ 1 Orange in village 1 SFE in village 2, with conflict 66% 84% MNG TQ 2 RA forbidden by local government but practiced Protected area 87% 53% MNG NA 1 Tourism: 1 village resettled RA restricted by local government Protected area 69% 94% MNG NA 2 RA organized by district with land allocation District 67% 95% MNG & SSG BD 1 Cassava, cashew SFE, without conflict 53% No BD 2 RA, cashew SFE, with conflict 80% 97% SSG Background of 6 study districts

  6. Main findings • Legal framework improvements, especially in land administration, are one of the leverage points that have potential to improve sustainability of natural resource use & reduce poverty, but the poorest communities are largely by-passed by these improvements (WB PEN II report).

  7. Differences of land allocation proportion for household and enterprises in each region Enterprises Households

  8. Thre is a weak correlation between allocation of land use rights and poverty & environment. The impact of land use rights depends on how confident households are in using land. There are too many parties in forest land decision making.Households with & without Forest Land Allocated by Poverty Level

  9. Same land allocation in one province but different results & impact on environment in two districts Clear forest, plant orange & easy escape from the poor Do not use forestland – poor remains

  10. Nghe An province: Households have not determined how to manage / develop the forestland they have. Environment is completely protected

  11. Binh Dinh province: No matter households receive forestland or not… …following customary rule, slash-burn activities are prevalent

  12. Modern LUP is a win-win solution for poverty and environment (but now, limited participation from local people, other stakeholders, complicated procedures…) What can I do with this land?

  13. Land policy implementation needs an appropriate community capacity Some district officers have limitation understanding of the Land Law 2003 Communal officer needs appropriate skills Village is not an administrative unit in system, but plays a key role in land policy implementation

  14. Some changes of Vietnam land administration since the PEN • Decision-makers are more aware of the impact of poverty & environment from land policies and of differences between lowlands and uplands. • An action plan of development a modern LUP (incorporates more environment & social issues) will be released on Sep 2006 by MONRE • More interaction between local people and officers in dealing with land issues – 2 events for question and answer on land between local people and MONRE, DONRE in 2006

  15. Recommendations • Urgent need for a monitoring system for land, poverty, & environment based on the current statistical system • Develop modern land use plans, which is simple to implement at local level. • In forestry reform, clarify the role/decision making process on forestland. It would be better has only one instead of several agencies as moment. Transition from State forest enterprise to non-State enterprise sector should be pro-poor. • Capacity building of commune & village leaders should be a key element in land policy implementation in upland areas : community leader information and training on legal framework

  16. ThanksFor your intention!

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