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當中文遇見英文

當中文遇見英文. 余光中 主講 2011.10.24 宜蘭大學. A. 當中文遇上英文. de mocracy (德謨克拉西) inspiration (煙士披里純) boycott (杯葛、抵制) copy (拷貝、副本) 吉普、坦克、迷你、迷思、巴士、菲林、苦力 瓦斯、引擎、作秀、功夫、颱風、風水、豆腐. B. 語文難純 (1). 阿化: 1 、 2 、 3 、 4 希化 : alphabet (alpha+beta) sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris)

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當中文遇見英文

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  1. 當中文遇見英文 余光中 主講 2011.10.24 宜蘭大學

  2. A. 當中文遇上英文 • democracy (德謨克拉西) • inspiration(煙士披里純) • boycott(杯葛、抵制) • copy(拷貝、副本) • 吉普、坦克、迷你、迷思、巴士、菲林、苦力 • 瓦斯、引擎、作秀、功夫、颱風、風水、豆腐

  3. B. 語文難純 (1) • 阿化: 1、2、3、4 • 希化: alphabet (alpha+beta) sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris) eureka psychology (psyche) philosophy (philos, sophos), Philadelphia, philharmonic orchestra • 羅馬化:I, II, III, IV, V, X, L, C, D, M • 拉丁化:etc, et al, per se, ad hoc, cum laude, in medias res alumnus (alumni), alumna (alumnae), Ave Maria poet laureate, venereal disease

  4. B. 語文難純 (2) • 法化:tête-à-tête, a la carte, genre, ennui, coup-d’êtas, fait accompli, adieu, déjà vu, omelette • 西化:San Francisco (Saint Francis) Los Angeles (The Angels), San José, Santa Barbara Costa Rica, Puerto Rico • 意化:allegro, adagio, andante, chiaroscuro, legato, staccato, spaghetti, Chianti, pizza

  5. C. 中文之外語影響 • 蒙化(顛不剌…該打孩) • 滿化(貝勒、格格、皇阿瑪) • 梵化(菩薩 bodhisattva、 伽藍 sangharama、涅盤 nivana、 比丘 bhiksu、比丘尼 bhiksuni、 夜叉 yaksha)

  6. D. 英文之外來因素 (1) • Old English (—1100), Celt, Gaelic Middle English (1100—1500) Modern English (1500—) Norman Conquest (1066) • cow / beef (bœuf) sheep / mutton (mouton) pig / pork (porc) pretty, beautiful kindred and consanguinity

  7. D. 英文之外來因素 (2) • Tuesday (Tiu’s) / Mardi (Mars) Wednesday (Woden’s) / Mercredi (Mercury) Thursday (Thor’s) / Jeudi (Jove) Friday (Frigga’s) / Vendredi (Venus) • April (Aphrodite) May (Maia) June (Juno) July (Julius Caesar) August (Augustus) September (septuagenarian) October (octagon, octopus, octogenarian) December (decade, decathlon)

  8. E. 英文中之中文 • 茶 tea (Eng. & Hungarian) te (Ger., Swed., Dan., Norweg., Finn., Sp., It.) thé (Fr. & Dutch) čaj (Czech, Port., Russian, Turk, Jap.) herbata (Polish) • 絲seta (Latin) seda (It., Sp., Port.) silke (Swed., Dan., Norweg., Finn.) Seide (Ger.) soie (Fr.)

  9. F. 以唐詩為例 • 松下問童子 我來松下問童子 言師採藥去 童子言師採藥去 只在此山中 師行只在此山中 雲深不知處 雲深童子不知處 —賈島:尋隱者不遇 • 獨在異鄉為異客 每逢佳節倍思親 遙知兄弟登高處 遍插茱萸少一人 —王維:九月九日憶山東兄弟

  10. G. 中、英文法之異 • 1. A soldier must love his country. (一個)士兵必須愛(他的)國家。 • 2. The weather of Hong Kong is warmer than that of Paris. 香港的氣候比巴黎(的氣候)熱。 • 3. He is taller than any other passenger on board the ship. 他比船上(任何其他)乘客都高。

  11. H. 介詞(preposition)與連接詞(conjunction) 重要嗎? • 君臣,夫妻,老少,來回 • 一年四季:春夏秋冬 • 金木水火土,柴米油鹽醬醋茶 • 三國演義,中華民國,外文系,文學院

  12. I. Chairman, Chairwoman, Chairperson • Each student brought his or her own dictionary. • All students brought their own dictionaries. • 自己的,其,人

  13. J. 成語:中文的基本美學 (對仗、平仄) • 張三李四,天長地久,爭先恐後, 瞻前顧後,雞飛狗跳,雞鳴狗盜, 千軍萬馬,千方百計,千山萬水, 千頭萬緒,萬紫千紅,千真萬確, 山明水秀,明知故犯,紅男綠女, 亂七八糟

  14. K. 讀兩首英文詩 Spring, the Sweet Spring Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king, Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring, Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo! The palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay: Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo! The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meets, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes our ears do greet: Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo! Spring, the sweet spring! —Thomas Nashe (1567-1601)

  15. Ozymandias I met a traveler from an antique land Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand, Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed, And on the pedestal these words appear: “My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings: Look on my words, ye Mighty, and despair!” Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away. —P.B.Shelley (1792-1822)

  16. L. 讀兩首中文詩 台東 城比台北是矮一點 天比台北卻高得多 燈比台北是淡一點 星比台北卻亮得多 街比台北是短一點 風比台北卻長得多 飛機過境是少一點 老鷹盤空卻多得多 人比西岸是稀一點 山比西岸卻密得多 港比西岸是小一點 海比西岸卻大得多 報紙送到是晚一點 太陽起來卻早得多 無論地球怎麼轉 台東永遠在前面 -余光中

  17. 有客從蒙古來 說着,主客又大笑 直到他背後似乎 隱隱,有沙塵暴崛起 而我樓下的沙灘 暗暗,正鼓動着海嘯 立刻,我們止住了自己 揮走了沙塵,斥退浪陣 他贈我一漏斗細沙 說,久了,蒙古會漏完 叫我及時去瀚海 我贈他半瓶鹹水 說,久了,海峽會乾掉 叫他莫忘了西子灣 -余光中 我帶他去八樓的看台 看海。他吃了一驚 說,沒見過這麼多水 集合在一起。我說 也不能想像在你家 有那麼多用不完的沙 讓駱駝亂蓋蹄印 說着,主客都大笑 直到流下了淚來 我說,在我們這邊 總覺得水太多了 就留下一片地做沙灘 又覺得你們沙太多了 就叫你們家做瀚海 是瀚海呢還是旱海?

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