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Wireless Protocols You Just Have to Know About!

Wireless Protocols You Just Have to Know About!. Todd Lammle (FCC RF Licensed) Certified Wireless Administrator (CWA) instructor, Sybex author. www.wirelesstechnologygroup.org www.globalnettraining.com www.routersim.com. About Todd Lammle. President, GlobalNet Training, inc

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Wireless Protocols You Just Have to Know About!

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  1. Wireless Protocols You Just Have to Know About! Todd Lammle (FCC RF Licensed) Certified Wireless Administrator (CWA) instructor, Sybex author www.wirelesstechnologygroup.org www.globalnettraining.com www.routersim.com

  2. About Todd Lammle • President, GlobalNet Training, inc • CEO, RouterSim, LLC • Sybex author

  3. Objectives • To understand the term “WLAN” • To understand the current IEEE wireless standards • To understand the future IEEE wireless standards • To gather information that will allow you to make informed decisions

  4. Why do we care?

  5. Can I just use it till I need glasses? Wireless Is Addicting Once You Use It You Can’t Live without It

  6. What’s a typical “LAN”?

  7. What’s a typical WLAN? It’s a “hub” without wires

  8. Wireless LANS (WLANs) use “Cells”

  9. Channel Overlap to cover distance

  10. 5 GHz (IEEE 802.11) HyperLAN HyperLAN2 902–928 MHz 26 MHz 2.4–2.4835 GHz 83.5 MHz (IEEE 802.11) ISM Unlicensed Frequency Bands Short-Wave Radio FM Broadcast Infrared Wireless LAN AM Broadcast Television Cellular (840MHz) Audio NPCS (1.9GHz) Extremely Low Very Low Low Medium High Very High Ultra High Super High Infrared Visible Light Ultra- violet X-Rays

  11. What is the Wireless LAN Hardware? • Access Points • Client Adapters • Bridge • Antennas

  12. Devices In a Wireless Network • Access Point: An AP operates within a specific frequency spectrum and uses an 802.11 standard specified modulation technique. • It also informs the wireless clients of its availability and authenticates and associates wireless clients to the wireless network. • An AP also coordinates the wireless clients' use of wired resources.

  13. Wireless Access Points • Serves as a connection point for wireless users to connect to the wired LAN • Contention-based, half-duplex device • Not necessary in Ad Hoc networks • Physical/Data Link Layer device • Has Layer-2 filtering capabilities • 1, 2, 5.5, or 11 Mbps connectivity depending on standard implemented Think of this device as a 10BaseT hub

  14. Access Point Example

  15. Wireless Components • Network interface card (NIC)/client adapter: A PC or workstation uses a wireless NIC to connect to the wireless network. • The NIC scans the available frequency spectrum for connectivity and associates it to an access point or another wireless client. • The NIC is coupled to the PC/workstation operating system using a software driver.

  16. Wireless Components • Bridge: Wireless bridges are used to connect multiple LANs (both wired and wireless) at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer level. • Used in building-to-building wireless connections, wireless bridges can cover longer distances than AP’s (IEEE 802.11 standard specifies 1 mile as the maximum coverage range for an AP).

  17. Wireless Bridged Network

  18. Wireless Workgroup Bridge • Users are connected via wired Ethernet to the bridge, which is then connected via wireless Ethernet to the Access Point, which then connects to the wired backbone • Used to connect a small group of users (8 or less) to the wireless network • Users are a "collective client" on the wireless network

  19. Wireless Components • Antenna: An antenna radiates the modulated signal through the air so that wireless clients can receive it. • Characteristics of an antenna are defined by propagation pattern (directional versus omnidirectional), gain, transmit power, and so on. • Antennas are needed on both the AP/bridge and the clients.

  20. Campus Antenna Example

  21. IEEE 802.11 WLAN LLC layer IEEE 802.2 SNAP MAC layer IEEE 802.11 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Infrared Light Physical Packet Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP)

  22. WLAN Road Map * 802.11g 2.4 GHz – OFDM* >20Mbps 802.11a Standard 5 GHz – OFDM* 54 Mbps Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Network Radio Speed 802.11b Standard 2.4 GHz – DSSS 11Mbps 802.11b uses complementary Code Keying (CCK) as its modulation scheme *Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) Proprietary • IEEE 802.11a/b Ratified 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

  23. IEEE 802.11 who? Original recipe 802.11: Ratified June, 1997, 1 or 2Mbps at 2.4Ghz. The big event- 802.11b (Wi-Fi): 1, 2, 5.5 and11Mbps, 2.4 GHz, ratified in 1999. Didn’t take off until late 2000. Backward compatible to 802.11 First in line, last to produce products- 802.11a: Up to 54Mbps,5 GHz, ratified in 1999. Not compatible with 802.11 and 802.11b

  24. 802.11a is 5Ghz • Range of 5Ghz is about 30% less then 2.4Ghz • Overall investment of infrastructure is much higher with 5Ghz (for now) • Typical 2.4 Ghz range is 150 feet • Typical 5Ghz range is 50 feet • Not compatible with 802.11a and 802.11b • The data rates specified by IEEE 802.11a are 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps, with support for 6, 12, and 24 Mbps

  25. IEEE 802.11-tag-along’s 802.11c: Management Group 802.11d:Committee trying to add 802.11 into other countries that can’t use 2.4Ghz. Only Spain now… 802.11e:Quality of Service (QoS), multimedia and security as well as error correction. Uses TDMA like Cisco’s up and coming 802.11a products. 802.11f:Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP), Mobile IP 802.11g:54Mbps in 2.4Ghz range 802.11h:Group trying to take 802.11a into Europe with 802.11e specs. 802.11i:Wireless Authentication and Security 802.11j:So new, there is still no members! Group will focus on 802.11a and HiperLAN2 coexistence

  26. 11 and 54Mbs WLAN’s 802.11g • Provides higher date rates at 2.4 Ghz • Similar to 802.11b • Backward compatible to • 80211 • 802.11b

  27. Other Committees • Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA): Drafted the Wi-Fi System Interoperability testing document • Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi): Agilent Technologies in San Jose performs the independent WLAN products testing. After testing, the WECA board awards the Wi-Fi seal

  28. Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA) • Mission statement—WECA’s mission is to certify interoperability of Wi-Fi™ (IEEE 802.11b) products and to promote Wi-Fi as the global wireless LAN standard across all market segments • Goal—Provide users with a comfort level for interoperability • Presently over 100 different product certified and growing • Supports ONLY 802.11b 11MB DS products

  29. Other Wireless Technologies • BlueTooth • HomeRF • ZigBee • HiperLAN • Homeplug

  30. BlueTooth • Bluetooth is a personal-area network (PAN) specified by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group for providing low-power and short-range wireless connectivity using frequency-hopping spread spectrum in the 2.4-GHz frequency environment.

  31. HomeRF • In 1988, The HomeRF SWAP Group published the Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) standard for wireless digital communication between PCs and consumer electronic devices within the home. • SWAP supports voice and data over a common wireless interface at 1 and 2-Mbps data rates using frequency-hopping and spread-spectrum techniques in the 2.4-GHz band.

  32. SigBee • Was known as “HomeRF Light” • Less then $2 per module for manufacturer • Runs off of cheap AA batteries • Up to 115kbps • From 10 meters to 75 meters • All-in-one product (power, tx, rx, ant.)

  33. HiperLAN • HiperLAN is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard ratified in 1996. HiperLAN/1 standard operates in the 5-GHz radio band up to 24 Mbps. • ETSI has recently approved HiperLAN/2, which operates in the 5-GHz band at up to 54 Mbps using a connection-oriented protocol for sharing access among end-user devices.

  34. HomePlug Powerline Alliance • Not-for-profit corporation formed to provide a forum for the creation of open specifications for high speed home powerline networking products and services. • Supposedly works at 14Mbps • Don’t turn on a blow dryer… • Newly released spec’s fix power spikes

  35. WLAN is not all you need to know… • Third Generation Cell service will provide…..???

  36. Reality: WLAN will deliver mobile high-speed ahead of 3G 100 000 Fixed LAN 50 000 802.11a and HiperLAN2 10 000 802.11b/WiFi Transmission rate (kbit/s) 1 000 HomeRF HomeRF 500 Bluetooth Bluetooth UMTS GPRS 50 GSM Blackberry (US) Terminal device location

  37. Wireless Security Methods

  38. No Security by default….

  39. Radius Authentication

  40. WLAN Security

  41. This cable has GOT to go! Summary • Don’t Delay- Get “UN”-Hookedwith Wireless… • Hands-on Demonstrations • Give Away Time!

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