Presentation Transcript

1. Food Security & Nutrition Working GroupEastern and Central African Region
2. Current Conditions: Regional Highlights May 2014 Many regions are in stressed condition and specific areas are under crisis or emergency (CAR/DRC/South Sudan and part of Afar Region of Ethiopia). Some areas are at risk of further deterioration (South Sudan, CAR, Sudan)
3. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights South Sudan IPC report May 2014 More than 3 m people are currently in need of urgent humanitarianresponse (IPC 3 or higher in Unity, Jonglei and Upper Nile). Large portions of the population in conflict‐affected areas are in IPC 4. Furtherdeterioration and increase in the size of the food‐insecure population are verylikely, because of : - impacts of continuedconflict and ongoingdisplacement (over 1m people) - significantnumbers of people not able to prepare and plant their land (displaced, limited agricultural inputs prepositioned or made available by traders/agencies,…) - constrainedhumanitarianaccess to IDPs (using host communities’sresources) - widespreadmarket destruction/disruption (highdependencefrom May to August) - traditionalleanseason and rainyseasonthatfurtherlimitsaccess and tradeflows - expectations for a poor 2014/2015 croppingseason - a sharpreduction in agricultural laboropportunities - limitedaccess to traditionalcopingstrategies (fishing, hunting, wildfoods) (production of crude oil fell by nearly 30 % since the outbreak of the conflict) Risk of famineparticularly in Mayendit, Koch, Panyijar, and LeerCounties in Unity State and Ayod, Duk, Uror, and Nyirolcounties in Jonglei State. The worst‐off areas of Upper Nile State are Baliet and Panyikang. If the harvestisverypoor and conflict continues, foodsecurity in 2015 maybe as bad or worsethan 2014. May 2014 Without urgent action, famine is possible in localized sub‐county of Jonglei and Unity States during the coming 4 months
4. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights Sudan FEWSNET Avril 2014, OCHA An estimated 4.5 m people face Stressed (IPC Phase 2) or abovefoodinsecuritylevels. The foodinsecure population has increased by 38 % sinceJanuary. Widespreaddisplacementfollowingrenewedconflict in Darfur and ongoingconflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile states combinedwithreducedfoodavailabilityafterpoorharvests has resulted in an earlyonset of the leanseason in April. Food insecurityisexpected to deteriorate in many areas of the country. Insecurity and logisticalconstraintsassociatedwith the rainyseasonwill continue to disrupthumanitarian assistance and tradeflows to and within South Kordofan, Darfur, and Blue Nile states. IDPs in the SPLM-N-controlled areas of South Kordofan are the mostacutelyfoodinsecure (IPC Phase 4), namelybecause of restrictedtrade flow and lack of access by humanitarianagencies). IDPs in SPLM-N-controlled areas of Blue Nile State, new IDPs in Darfur, returnees/refugees in Abeyi, and South Sudaneserefugees in White Nile, South Kordofan and West Kordofan states face Crisis (IPC Phase 3). The size of the foodinsecure pop. isexpected to peakatnearly 5 m people in June 2014, concentrated in Darfur, South Kordofan, Blue Nile, RedSea, Kassala, North Kordofan and White Nile States. Conflict has disruptedfinancialsystems and trade, the provision of health services and interruptedseasonallivelihoodactivities in Darfur. Influx of refugeesfrom South Sudan to Sudan continues. Currently, there are 31,000 refugees in White Nile State, 15,000 in Khartoum, and about 12,500 in South Kordofan.  May 2014 Food insecurityworsenswith record-highcerealprices and intensifiedconflictthatislikely to continue (Tribal clashes and between SAF and SPLM-N)
5. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights Somalia FSNAU, FEWSNET Federal Government of Somalia troops, supported by the AMISOM, have been advancing into Al Shabaab-controlled areas around several major towns and villages in South-Central Somalia (Bakool, Hiraan, Gedo, Bay, and Lower Shabelle Regions) since February. Access to humanitarian interventions will likely be reduced from current levels due to increased civil insecurity in most rural areas of the South. Recently intensified conflict in the Shabelle Valley will likely result in reduced availability of agricultural labor opportunities followed by a below average Gu harvest in June/July. Food security is likely to deteriorate, reaching Crisis (IPC Phase 3) from July to September 2014. Outside of Lower and Middle Shabelle, pastoral and agropastoral areas in the South are likely to remain Stressed (IPC Phase 2). 857,000 people were projected to remain acutely food insecure through June 2014 by FSNAU, FEWS NET and partners in January 2014. Between January and March during the Jilaal dry season, the high temperatures resulted in water scarcity in some areas. Water trucking continued into April, much later than usual. Pasture conditions deteriorated. In the North, water trucking was on-going through March in most pastoral areas. Despite water shortages, rangeland conditions remain adequate. In the centralregions, poor pasture and water availability were observed in the pastoral and agropastoral livelihood zones. May 2014 Food security is deteriorating in the South due to intensified conflict
6. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights CAR IPC May 2014, FAO Insecurity and tensions exacerbate food insecurity particularly in the N-W Region of the Country (IPC Phase 4). Country facing acute and complex emergency esp. in conflict affected areas. Performance of most economic sectors have declined since 2012 with implications on income generation. Food security situation has deteriorated with the beginning of the lean season. 1.7M are in humanitarian phases (3&4), they were 900 000 in those phases in November 2013 the number of people acutely food insecure has likely sharply increased. Access to food is curtailed by widespread displacement, depletion of HH food stocks, destruction of livelihoods & loss of productive assets, inability to raise income, rising food prices, market disruption or limited access to markets. May 2014
7. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights May 2014 Uganda IPC April 2014, FEWSNET, FAO Below-average rainfall since March has exacerbated dry conditions across the eastern part of the country. The lean season started early in February instead of March in the unimodal region of Karamoja that will remain Stressed (IPC Phase 2!). While the onset of rains was timely, they continued with below average cumulative rainfall. Substantive rainfall deficits are developing in the northeastern districts of Karamoja. A reduction in trade volume exported to South Sudan due to the conflict has moderated supply shortfall. Over 96,000 South Sudan refugees have arrived into Northern Ugandan districts of Arua, Adjumani and Kiryandongo since start of the conflict (critical levels of GAM among refugees). Areas of concern : 1.Central Sorghum and Livestock livelihood zone in Karamoja (estimated pop. of 824,104 persons). 2. Western mixed crop farming livelihood zone in Karamoja (estimated pop. of 268,520 persons). Karamoja food security further deteriorates as the lean season started earlier following below average harvest from the last season.
8. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights Djibouti FAO, IPC May 2014 Food security situation under crisis level (IPC Phase 3) in pastoral livelihood zone. IPC Phase 4 in the N E part of the Country where poor food consumption score is more that 80% and livestock is continue to decrease since 5 years Reduced rations for severely food insecure HHs since September 2013; effects of below average Heys / Dadaa(Oct to Feb) rains; Worsening livestock body condition and declining availability of wild foods. May 2014 Emergency situation in North – East of the Country
9. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights May 2014 KenyaKFSSG, FEWSNET, WFP Due to the below average and erratic performance of the long rains thus far, household food availability and access will slightly improve through June, but it will deteriorate between July and September, driven by increases in food prices during the August to October lean season. According to the KFSSG, the number of acutely food insecure people increased from 0.8 million in August 2013 to 1.3 million for the next six months ending. Over the same period, the number of acutely food insecure people increased threefold in agropastoral areas including in Baringo, West Pokot, and Laikipia Counties. These areas depend on rainfed agricultural production, and they had a much smaller harvest than normal. The most severe acute food insecurity was found in the pastoral areas in the Northwest, in central parts of Turkana, and parts of Marsabit County, which were in Crisis a month ago The amount of rainfall received so far was below average and poorly distributed over space and time in Isiolo, Wajir, Mandera, and Tana River Counties. Recovery of pasture and browse is still slower, and in some pockets, water points have not been adequately recharged. About 1.3 million people remain acutely food insecure in the southeastern, pastoral and coastal marginal agricultural areas.
10. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights Rwanda FEWSNET April 2014 The long rainy (March-April-May) season started normally in early March, but poorly-distributed seasonal rainfall since mid-March has led to deteriorating ground conditions in southern and eastern parts of the country, threatening crop development. Normal Season B harvests in June/July. The Eastern Congo-Nile Highland Subsistance Farming and the Eastern Semi Arid and Eastern Agro-pastoral zones : 50 % below-average season A harvests for maize and beans in January/February. In order to cope, poor households in these areas will engage in irreversible coping strategies and face Stressed (IPC Phase 2) food insecurity until the next harvests in June. Food prices are atypically high during the current lean season, up 30 to 60 percent against the two-year average. Household food stocks: Poor households across the country experienced below-normal Season A harvests during December to February, which did not replenish food stocks to normal levels. May 2014 Stressed food security outcomes during the peak of the lean season.
11. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights Burundi IPC May 2014 From now through June, households in most livelihood zones will experience stressed food security except the Plateaux Humides and Depression de l’Est zones which are currently in crisis (IPC Phase 3) food insecurity until Season B harvests in June. Poor rainfall in the Dépression de l’Est zone caused Season A production shortfalls which chronic and structural of high density population are limiting food access in the Plateaux Humides zone. As a result of more than 30 percent production deficit in this area, households are unable to meet food needs from their own stocks. Season B 2014 planting is nearly complete. Current rainfall ranges between 10 and 25 percent above-average levels. Normal Season B harvests are expected in June. May 2014 Tensions over 2015 election preparations continued. Risk of reviving ethnic demons.
12. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights May 2014 TanzaniaFEWSNET The lean season has ended in the southern, central, and western unimodal areas following green harvests in March/April. Households continue to release stocks from the 2013 production season, making maize, beans, rice, and sorghum available on the market. Green harvests of maize, beans, and banana, and sweet and Irish potatoes are abundantly available in markets, serving as substitutes for maize and other grains and effectively helping drive down grain prices. Ongoing rainfall in both bimodal and unimodal areas is providing adequate moisture for pasture regeneration and grazing and has recharged water points for livestock. Milk for consumption and sales is adequately available to households, and livestock migration is declining as the needed resources are becoming locally available in many areas. Food security outcomes would change significantly if the Masika rain stops in the bimodal areas before the crops reach maturity, resulting in decreased availability of labor opportunities and a reduced volume of the harvest. Stable food prices across the Country ensure food access for poor households.
13. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights May 2014 EthiopiaFEWSNET Due to the below average October 2013 to January 2014 Meher harvest, poor and very poor households will exhaust their stocks earlier than normal along the Tekeze River in Amhara and Tigray Regions, in eastern parts of Tigray Region, and in the lowlands in East and West Hararghe Zone in Oromia Region. Therefore, poor and very poor households will be in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) from April to June. Belg-producing areas in North and South Wollo Zones in eastern Amhara Region:  Poor and very poor households will be in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) through June 2014. IPC Phase 4 in the Northern part of Afar. Continued influx of South Sudanese refugees particularly in Gambella.
14. Current Conditions – Regional Highlights DRC FEWSNET, IPC, FAO Prices of staples were stable or lower in February than in January. Conflict and displacement along the border with CAR, and armed groups in the Kivu region continue to be of concern & cause of food insecurity Chronic food insecurity in some provinces in the west Poor & borderline consumption common among rural communities Food production in 2013 was at average levels # of people in acute food insecurity and livelihood crisis (IPC phase 3 & 4) estimated at 6.7M (Dec 2013) Nutrition crisis in the west in Mitwaba: lives characterized by food distress (90.7% of households affected by food insecurity) and a nutritional emergency (21.6% of children 6 to 59 months prevalence of global acute malnutrition) May 2014 Conflicts a major driver of food insecurity in the country.
15. EASTERN AFRICA RAINFALL ANALYSIS - February to April 2014 Outlook March 2014 Across the region, the March rainfall pattern was mostly favourable with markedly above average rainfall in the eastern half of Kenya, most of Ethiopia and South Sudan and southern Somalia. In contrast, Somalia and SE Ethiopia, in contrast, had a mostly drier than average March, though deficits at this time of the season are of no great significance. Western Kenya and parts of eastern Uganda also had a less favourable situation, but with fairly moderate rainfall deficits. Map shows total March 2014 rainfall as a percentage of the 20 year average. March is the month when the “long rains” season broadly starts across East Africa; the single rainfall season in South Sudan and Ethiopia (Meher) also start from March onwards. NOTE: since March rainfall on average is low, the percent of average can reach very high values – this does not imply heavy rainfall amounts
16. EASTERN AFRICA RAINFALL ANALYSIS - February to April 2014 Outlook April 2014 The rainfall pattern in April was in marked contrast with that of March. Pronounced rainfall deficits are noticeable, extending from Uganda to NE Somalia, across western Kenya and SE Ethiopia. Worst affected areas are in western Kenya (where some areas are as low as 30% of average), Karamoja and parts of Southern Ethiopia. Eastern Equatoria state in South Sudan is also part of this rainfall deficit pattern. Somalia (except the south) and SE Ethiopia have been under continuing rainfall deficit since March. The rest of South Sudan and NW Ethiopia in contrast have been enjoying consistently above average rainfall, leading to an early start to the growing season. Map shows total April 2014 rainfall as a percentage of the 20 year average. April is the month with the largest contribution to the “long rains” season (Kenya, Somalia, parts of Uganda and SE Ethiopia) In South Sudan(except for the easternmost areas) and western Ethiopia, it is the month when the rainfall season (taking place within March to November) becomes better established
17. EASTERN AFRICA RAINFALL ANALYSIS - February to April 2014 Outlook Impacts South Sudan and NW Ethiopia: these regions should be enjoying an early start to the agricultural season, with land preparation and sowing ahead of normal. Obviously, in conflict areas of SSD, ability of farmers to benefit from the early rainfall may be more limited; elsewhere, perspectives are so far fairly favourable, less so in Eastern Equatoria (but it’s early days here). Impacts in agricultural areas of eastern Uganda and western Kenya should have been felt – where planting had not yet taking place, delays will be inevitable. Considering the March rainfall pattern, it is likely that early planting might have taken place in which case the strength of the impacts will depend on the development stage of the crop – seedling stage might require re-planting. Pastoral areas in Turkana and Karamoja may be facing reduced pasture and water resources. This will also be the case in SE Ethiopia and Somalia (away from the south) – here, where crops are grown, significant delays in agricultural activities can be expected. A lot will depend on how the rainfall evolves during May. Continuation of the drier than average pattern will magnify the current impacts to far more serious levels. On going monitoring is required and is in place.
18. 7) Expected seasonality over complete time series Outlook A phenological analysis for East Africa
19. 6b) Average seasonality of the NDVI Outlook A phenological analysis for East Africa
20. 6b) Average seasonality of the NDVI Outlook A phenological analysis for East Africa
21. EASTERN AFRICA RAINFALL ANALYSIS - February to April 2014 Outlook Onset of Growing Season 2014 Due to the favourable March rainfall, a pattern of widespread early starts to the growing season is noticeable. This strengthens the view that early planting has probably taken place across wide areas of Kenya, SSD, SW Somalia and NW Ethiopia. Where April rainfall was below average, early crop development will suffer to a degree that varies with the exact stage crops are in. Delayed starts to the season can be seen in central and northern Somalia, Djibouti and easternmost Ethiopia, where a growing season has not yet been detected in accordance with persistence drier than average conditions evidenced in the maps above. Delayed start is also noticeable in SW Uganda Map shows the difference between the 2014 date of onset of the growing season and the average date over 20yrs. Onset of growing season takes place when favourable moisture conditions for early crop growth are in place; these happen when two consecutive 10 day periods with 20mm rainfall or more are verified.
22. ‘ Refugees
23. Refugees
24. Refugees
25. Refugees South Sudan Emergency Situation. Process UNHCR held consultative inter-agency meetings with partners and donors from both the region and the specific countries affected (South Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan)on 29-30 April in Nairobi - chaired by UNHCR’s Regional Refugee Coordinator for the South Sudan crisis A Consolidated Regional Refugee Contingency Plan was developed and presented at the Oslo Pledging conference on 20th May With funds forthcoming, there are key urgent needs in each country to ensure minimum standards are met. Key messages Despite the signing of the Peace Agreement, the refugee situation is most likely to continue through the year with returns unlikely. Even in the context of a cessation of hostilities, the food security situation coupled with deep rifts between communities will limit return. Approaching rains are going to limit access, increase logistic costs and have a negative impact on health, nutrition and WASH The current funding needs are substantial close to $480 Million for the refugee response and an additional $2 Billion for the response inside South Sudan. Both tracks are essential. Both tracks will save lives and support the people of South Sudan.
26. Nutrition and Food security issues. Refugees South Sudan(237,218 refugees as of 9th May). WFP managed to distribute 10 days food ration in the first May distribution cycle and are hoping for an additional 5 days through air drops bringing total food distributed to 15 days for this cycle. This represents the third consecutive month is inadequate food distribution in these camps and the food security situation is deteriorating rapidly. General nutrition situation has worsened in refugee camps due to food shortages. Protection – rising tensions in Maban refugee camp WASH – difficulty to transport and secure fuel for generators for water pumps Food/Nutrition – Upper Nile food assistance crisis. Air movements essential. Shelter/Settlement & NFIs – Pre-positioning for rains hampered. Health – Increase in malaria and AWD during wet season EtelFagbohoun, a UNHCR nutrition officer, checks the condition of Ransom. The food shortages are affecting the health of the little boy and other children .
27. Nutrition and Food security issues. Refugees Ethiopia (120,946 refugees as of 9th May). Last week, more than 20,000 new arrivals from South Sudan arrived in Burubiey entry point, Gambella escaping the fighting in Nasir. Vast majority of new arrivals are women and children(over 70%) although increasing number of men are now arriving. Refugees reportthat others are on the way, with more amassed on South Sudanese side waiting to cross the river. Agreement and Identification, underway on an appropriate land for refugee settlement. The refugee camps are experiencing high malnutrition rates. There is a lack of CSB+ in the food basket. MUAC screening for all newly arrived children under 5 years. Uganda(104,635 refugees as of 9th May). Current pipeline is good but the malnutrition rates are still high. WFP serves two-three hot meals daily at reception centers. New arrivals are given monthly food entitlements on relocation. Agreements and identification of suitable land for refugee settlement is on-going.
28. Nutrition and food security issues. Refugees Sudan (79,753 refugees as of 9th May). WFP has distributed food to 43,937 South Sudanese new arrivals to date. The malnutrition rates are still high, UNHCR is advocating for nutrition screening on arrival with MUAC included on registration forms Current sites are in the flood plains and there is a need to urgently relocate refugees to less flood prone areas. Two additional sites have been identified but the relocation is not yet underway. Kenya (35,850 refugees as of 9th May) Protection – high number of UAM arriving in Kenya, slow registration process WASH – long process to obtain drilling permits means reliance on water trucking Food/Nutrition – High rates of GAM, disrupted care practices Shelter/Settlement & NFIs - Identifying suitable land for refugee settlement Health – No new measles case reported since 28 April Priority: Identifying and agreeing on suitable land for refugee settlement.
29. Nutrition Somalia (FSNAU MARCH-APRIL 2014) Jan-Mar 2014 reports suggest very critical prevalence of acute malnutrition in South central regions, Southern regions- areas classified as critical and serious. Health facilities data suggests increasing trends of GAM in pastoral regions, Northern and central regions – A stable nutrition situation in most of North east, west and central; The situation was projected to remain stable for the months of February to April 2014, with exception of North west agro pastoral where GAM is >15%. And deterioration is expected. Good access and sustained consumption of milk in NW region may have contributed to stable nutrition situation Measles outbreak in Puntland have been increasing . Sustained serious levels of acute malnutrition in Juba pastoralists and agrocpastoralists, since Deyr 2012/13 Monitoring is continuing for Urban, IDPs and rural areas. Nutrition Kenya: (NIWG- May 2014) Baringo County: overall nutrition situation is Poor and deteriorating mainly in East Pokot; Nutrition situation in the Pastoral, Agropastoral and Marginal Mixed Farming livelihood zones is classified as Serious Several surveys being conducted this month
30. Regional Seasonal Calendar Response Analysis May 2014 Source: http://www.disasterriskreduction.net/east-central-africa/fsnwg Note: This calendar is for illustrations only as it is not yet updated to reflect current changes
31. Implications of late rains & response considerations Implications of late rains Crops fail Too late to replant Lack of inputs (seeds for next planting season) Water & pasture recovery? Shortfall in household stocks & regional food availability Price hikes in staple cereals Response considerations Scaling up of safety net Input vouchers Market support WASH support – monitoring of water points during the next dry season Feed supplements for dry season
32. 5 Stepsused for ResponseAnalysislinked to IPC analysis May 2014 Understanding main issues driving FS outcomes (limitingfactorsproducts) Understand direct and underlying causes of each issue and trends (outcome evidence & contributing factors) Options for solving the identified problem – Gaps, Opportunities & Strategies Prioritization of options (gaps identified for solving food security issues) Implementation of response options, coordination and responsibilities
33. Step 1 & 2 – main issues & underlying causes May 2014
34. Step 5 - Options & Implementation May 2014

35. Food Security analysis in South Sudan

    Disaster Needs Analysis published on 05th of May by ACAPS
36. Introduction Violence broke out in Juba on 15 December between Government and opposition forces At 25th of April, more than 1.2 million people had been displaced by the hostilities. 293 000 refugees and 923 000 IDPs (70% in Jonglei, Upper Nile, Unity) Humanitarian access is challenging due to security situation and logistical constraints Protection of civilian is a major concern with the persistent violence and ethnically targeted attacks.
37. Key findings Violence has been most severe in Jonglei, Upper Nile and Unity States Over 3,7 million people are at immediate risk of food insecurity, and more than 90% of them are in states that are worst affected by the crisis. Up to 7 million people are at risk of food Jonglei, Unity and Upper Nile have the highest levels of acute and emergency food insecurity (around 2,503 million people) Food-insecurity of residents has also increased Land preparation and planting normally start between mid-April and late June. Due to the lack of seeds, continued conflict and displacement, land preparation will be affected.
38. Key findings Most of the supply routes to Jonglei, Upper Nile and Unity are closed, worsening the already existing cereal deficit from own production. Disrupted markets cause problems in food availability for market dependant states as during the hunger gap (May-August) markets are the main source of staple food. Recurring floods will potentially affect a large number of IDPs and residents in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Lakes, Warrap, Unity, Jonglei and Upper Nile. The violence and potential flooding forces livestock owners to follow non-traditional routes
39. Pre crisis food security situation Food insecurity levels usually have peaked in June (during the hunger gap) and reduced around the harvest period (October). In June 2013, 8% and 34% of households were severely and moderately food insecure It is an overall improvement compared to the same period in 2012 but imply that most South Sudanese were still vulnerable in case of a minor shock. In June 2013, Analysis by residential status indicated that 36% of IDPs were food insecure 29% for returnees 8% for residents
40. Pre crisis food security situation In October 2013, just over 33% of the population was considered to be moderately to severely food insecure. But major disparities across States: Western Bahr el Ghazal (52%), Eastern Equatoria (50%) Jonglei(37%) Except Unity, the number of severe food insecurity declined compare to June 2013 and the previous seasons. Prior to the start of the conflict, WFP had already planned to assist beneficiaries particularly in Upper Nile, Jonglei, Warrap and Unity States
41. Conflict impact on food security In January 2014, the number of people in acute food insecurity and livelihood crisis (IPC phases 3, “Crisis” and 4, “Humanitarian Emergency”) was estimated at about 3.7 million (one million pre crisis)
42. Conflict impact on food security
43. Conflict impact on food security In June 2013, IDPs suffered significantly from higher levels of food insecurity than residents. In February 2014, although residents had a smaller proportion of severe food insecurity than IDPs, levels of moderate food insecurity were similar
44. Conflict impact on food security IDPs without access to assistance were expected to continue facing Crisis food insecurity (IPC Phase 3) in coming months with the onset of the lean season in May. The number of people in Humanitarian Emergency (IPC Phase 4) is expected to increase in some isolated counties of Jonglei, Unity and Upper Nile State. The situation could deteriorate in the coming months up to IPC phase 5 in some counties of Jonglei and Unity states.
45. Impact on food stock The conflict started at the end of the main cropping season, but: Several reports mentioned large losses of household stocks in Jonglei, Unity and Upper Nile. Large stocks in urban or peri-urban areas are highly likely to have been looted or destroyed. Projections for 2014 indicated that Unity, Jonglei and Upper Nile States would already have the largest projected cereal deficit (62% to 71%)
46. Impact on the next season It is expected that the conflict will affect the May-June cultivation season, particularly in Jonglei, Unity and Upper Nile States. Households in these areas are likely to miss cultivation of short-maturing sorghum and maize
47. Impact on Livelihood Usual livelihood of poor household during the lean season are very limited due to the insecurity (collection and sale of grass, firewood and charcoal and migration to urban areas ). The loss of livelihood assets for displaced populations greatly reduces households’ ability to meet food needs during the lean season. Fishing, hunting and wild food collection—activities that typically help households get through the lean season—will remain limited as long as insecurity persists. There are also reports of livestock herds being dislocated from traditional migration routes
48. Market and trade route Reliance on markets for staple food supply (sorghum, maize, pulses) by South Sudan rural households is very high. Since 2011, households have considered increases in food prices as more important than all other shocks across all States. As of March 2014, in Lankien, Nyirol County (Jonglei), the price of a 50-kilogramme bag of sorghum had increased by 150% compared to December 2013, from SSP 200 to SSP 500 in March. Fighting continues to disrupt key trade and transportation routes between Renk and Malakal, Juba and Bor and Rumbek and Bentiu.
49. Potential impact of flood An average of 340 000 flood affected people in 2012 and 2013
50. Full report available on www.acaps.org Contact in Nairobi: bm@acaps.org