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Understanding LAN Device Topologies and Data Flow Essentials

Learn about basic LAN devices and the flow of data through LANs, covering physical and logical topologies, technologies like Ethernet and Token Ring, and the roles of devices like NICs, switches, routers, and clouds.

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Understanding LAN Device Topologies and Data Flow Essentials

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  1. Semester 1CHAPTER 3Le Chi Trung

  2. Content • Basic LAN devices • Basics of data flow through LANs

  3. Schedule

  4. BASIC LAN DEVICES

  5. Are you able to describe this diagram?

  6. Physical & Logical Topologies • Physical topologies • Define the actual layout of the wire (media) • Logical topologies • Define how the media is accessed by the hosts

  7. Physical Topologies Extended Star Bus Ring Hierarchical Star Mesh

  8. Physical Topology: Bus • Single backbone • All hosts directly connected to backbone • Each end of the bus must be properly terminated

  9. Physical Topology: Ring • No backbone • A host is directly connected to each of its neighbors

  10. Physical Topology: Star • All devices connected to a central point • Center of star is usually a hub or a switch

  11. Physical Topology: Extended Star • Connects individual star topologies together. • At the center of the star is a hub or a switch. • Extends the length and size of the network.

  12. Physical Topology: Hierarchical • Like the extended star except a computer controls traffic (not a hub or a switch).

  13. Physical Topology: Mesh • Each host has its own connection to every other host. • Used in situations where communication must not be interrupted.

  14. Logical Topologies Broadcast Token Passing

  15. Logical Topology:Broadcast • Each host on the LAN sends its data (or broadcasts its data) to every other host. • First-come, first-serve.

  16. Logical Topology:Token Passing • Access to media is controlled by an electronic token. • Possession of the token gives the host the right to pass data to its destination.

  17. Technologies Ethernet FDDI Token Ring

  18. Technology: Token Ring Token Ring Token Passing

  19. Technology: FDDI FDDI Token Passing

  20. Technology: Ethernet Ethernet Broadcast

  21. NIC Computer Server Printer Hosts

  22. LAN Media Symbols Token Ring Ethernet Line FDDI Ring Serial Line

  23. OSI Review: Layer 1 • Responsibility: • Transmission of an unstructured bit stream over a physical link between end systems. • Concerned: • Bits. • Electrical specifications. • Physical data rate. • Distances. • Physical connector.

  24. UTP AUI BNC LAN Device: Transceiver • Connect different media technologies. • Layer 1 device.

  25. LAN Device: Repeater • Regenerates and repeats the signal. • Layer 1 device.

  26. LAN Device: Hub • A multi-port repeater. • Layer 1 device.

  27. OSI Review: Layer 2 • Responsibility: • Provides for the reliable transfer of data cross a physical link. • Concerned: • Frames. • Physical address (HW or MAC): Flat. • Line discipline. • Error and flow control. • “Segment”.

  28. LAN Device: NIC • Network interface of hosts. • Build-in physical address. • Layer 2 device.

  29. LAN Device: Bridge • Keeps traffic local by filtering traffic based on physical addresses. • Layer 2 device.

  30. LAN Device: Switch • A multi-port bridge. • Layer 2 device.

  31. OSI Review: Layer 3 • Responsibility: • Connection and path selection between two end system across networks. • Concerned: • Packets. • Logical address: Hierarchical. • Networks and Hosts addressing. • Route , Routing table, Routing protocol. • “Network”.

  32. LAN Device: Router • Makes decisions based on network addresses (logical addresses). • Layer 3 device.

  33. LAN Device: Router Functions • Path determination: • The process of evaluating a packet’s destination IP address so that the router can decide which port to send out the packet. • Packet switching: • The router re-encapsulates the packet in the protocol needed for the specified port and then switches the packet out that port.

  34. LAN Device: Cloud • Another network • Include layer 1 – 7 devices

  35. Devices function at Layers

  36. Teaching Topology

  37. History of Networking Homework

  38. Review • Physical and logical topologies. • LAN devices.

  39. DATA FLOW THROUGH LANs

  40. Air Mail Example

  41. Encapsulation

  42. Encapsulation: Example

  43. Host to host communication

  44. Packet Flow: Layer 1 Device

  45. Packet Flow: Layer 2 Device

  46. Packet Flow: Layer 3 Device

  47. Packet Flow: Layer 1-7 Device

  48. Packet Traveling Over Network Homework

  49. Preparation for LAB • 3.4.1: Readiness. • 3.4.2: Building a simple network. • Lab companion: • 3.4.2

  50. Review • Encapsulation. • Data flow.

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