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Acids & Bases

Acids & Bases. I. Properties of Acids & Bases. -_____ taste ____ and produce a _______ sensation to the touch. -______ acid and ________ acid, (also known as _______ __), are _____ _____ responsible for the _______ of ______ and other ______, while ______ ____ makes

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Acids & Bases

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  1. Acids & Bases I. Properties of Acids & Bases -_____ taste ____ and produce a _______ sensation to the touch -______ acid and ________ acid, (also known as _______ __), are _____ _____ responsible for the _______ of ______ and other ______, while ______ ____ makes _______ taste ____, and in our body, the unpleasant ________ and _______ _________ produced by our _____ is due to ___________ ____ in our ________

  2. Acids & Bases I. Properties of Acids & Bases -because _____ ____ and _______ ________, (and all ______ ______ are made of _______), in ______, they are often used as a _______ -____, ____, ______, and ______ all use ______ ____ to ______ themselves, while the human _______ is guarded against _______ by ___________ ____, the human ______ is guarded against _______ by ______ ____ (produced by _____- _________ _______ of the genus ___________), and even human ____ is guarded by ____ ____ in our _____

  3. Acids & Bases I. Properties of Acids & Bases -_____ react with ______, especially the more ______ ______, to produce ________ ___ -_____ react with _________ and ________ _________ to produce ______ _______

  4. Acids & Bases I. Properties of Acids & Bases Write the balanced thermochemical equation for the reaction that occurs between: 1. Magnesium and Nitric acid 2. Aluminum and Sulfuric acid 3. Calcium carbonate and Hydrobromic acid 4. Potassium Hydrogen carbonate and Hydrochloric acid

  5. Acids & Bases Name_________________ I. Properties of Acids & Bases 1. Hypothesis: 2. Prediction: 3. Gather Data: A. Safety: B. Procedure:

  6. Acids & Bases I. Properties of Acids & Bases 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure:

  7. Acids & Bases II. Ions in Solutions of Acids & Bases -the relative amounts of ____ and ____ ions in ________ _______ determine the _______ ______, _______, or ________ of the ________ -an _______ _______ that contains more ___ than ____ is an ______ _______ -an _______ _______ that contains more ____ than ___ is an _____ _______ -an _______ _______ that contains _____ amounts of ___ and ____ is _______ http://bradley.bradley.edu/~campbell/demopix5.html

  8. Acids & Bases II. Ions in Solutions of Acids & Bases -_______ ________ that are neither ______ or _____ are _______, but _____ is _______ because it is ____ an ____ and a ____ at the same time, containing _____ amounts of ___ and ____ -because of its _______, _____ ___________: -but the ___ forms a _______ _____ with a ______ _____ ________, producing the __________ ____ http://bradley.bradley.edu/~campbell/demopix5.html

  9. Acids & Bases III. The Arrhenius Model of Acids and Bases -according to ______ _________, an ____ is a ________ that contains ________ and _______ to produce ________ ____ in _______ _______ -according to _________, ________ ________ is an _____ -according to _________, a _____ is a ________ that contains a _________ _____ and _________ to produce _________ _____ in _______ ________ -according to _________, ________ _________ is a _____

  10. Acids & Bases IV. The Brønsted –Lowry Model of Acids and Bases -according to ________-______, an _____ is a _________-____ ______ and a _____ is a ________- ____ ________ -the _____, ______, _________ in _____ and _______ a ________ ____ to a ______ ________, which acts as a _____ by ________ the ________ ____ -a ____ that has ________ a ___ now has the ability to ______ a ___, and so becomes an _____; the _________ _____

  11. Acids & Bases IV. The Brønsted –Lowry Model of Acids and Bases -according to ________-______, a _________ ____ is the ______ produced when a ____ accepts a ________ ___ from an ____ -a _________ ____ is the ______ that is left over from the ____ after it donates a ________ ____ Playing Hacky Sack in Zurich, Switzerland http://zurichdailyphoto.blogspot.com/2007/04/hacky-sack.html

  12. Acids & Bases IV. The Brønsted –Lowry Model of Acids and Bases Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in the following: 1NH3(aq) + 1H2O (l) 1NH4+(aq) + 1OH- (aq) 1HBr (aq) + 1H2O (l) 1H3O+(aq) + 1Br- (aq) 1CO32-(aq) + 1H2O (l) 1HCO3-(aq) + 1OH- (aq) 1HSO4-(aq) + 1H2O (l) 1H3O+(aq) + 1SO42- (aq)

  13. Acids & Bases V. Monoprotic & Polyprotic Acids -____ and ___ are _____ according to the _________ _____ because they both contain _________ and they both donate a ________ ___ to an _______ ________ -both ____ and ___ are also __________ _____ because each donates only ____ _________ ___ per ________ Chemical burns caused by Hydrofluoric acid http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic804.htm -_____ (______ _____), ______ (_________ _____), ____ (____________ _____), and _________ (______ or ________ _____) are other __________ ______

  14. Acids & Bases V. Monoprotic & Polyprotic Acids -_____ that donate _____ than ____ _________ ___ are called _________ -______(_______ _____) and ______(________ _____) are both _______ _____, while ______ (__________ ____) and ______ (______ _____) are both _________ ______

  15. Acids & Bases H O O P O H O H V. Monoprotic & Polyprotic Acids -__________ _____ donate more than ____ ________ ____ to _______ _______ in more than ___ step -the ________ ____ __________ ____ donates __ ________ ____ in __ steps:

  16. Acids & Bases V. Monoprotic & Polyprotic Acids Write the steps for complete ionization of the following polyprotic acids: H2Se (aq) H3AsO4 (aq) H2SO3 (aq)

  17. Acids & Bases VI. Acid & Base Anhydrides -__________ are _______ that form _____ and _____ when added to ______ -______ of ___________ elements produce _____ in _______ _______, while ______ of ________ elements produce _____ in _______ ________

  18. Acids & Bases VII. Strength of Acids -______ _____ are _____ that ______ _________ -____ (___________ _____), ______ (__________ _____), _____ (______ ____), ____ (____________ _____), ______ (________ _____), and ___ (___________ _____) are all ______ _____ Hydrofluoric acid is considered a weak acid because it doesn’t ionize completely; it is expected to be a strong acid, because it is so corrosive, but its corrosiveness is due to the chemical reactivity of its anion, the fluoride ion. The strongest acids, the carborane superacids, are a million times stronger than concentrated sulfuric acid, but not at all corrosive because the anion to the acid is so unreactive. -______ _____ are _____ that ______ only ________ -________ (______ _____), ______ (________ _____), ___ (___________ ____), ______ (_____ _____), and _____ (___________ ____) are _____ _____

  19. Acids & Bases VII. Strength of Acids -according to ______________, the ____ on the _______ side of the ________ _______ produces a ________ ____ on the ________ side of the _______ _______ by _______ a ________ ___ -if the ____ is a ______ ____, then its _________ ____ is _____, that is, if the ____ readily _______ a ________ ___, then its ________ ____ is not very good at ________a ________ ___, or holding on to one, while a ____ ____, which is not very good at _______ a ________ ___ has a ______ ________ ____

  20. Acids & Bases VII. Strength of Acids -the _________ ________ for ___________ _____ is: -the __________ ________ __________ for the _________ of ____________ _____ is: -the ___________ of ______ _____ is considered to be _______, and so can be _________ with ___ to give the _____ _________ _______, or ___

  21. Acids & Bases VII. Strength of Acids Write ionization equations and acid ionization constant expressions for the following acids: HClO2(aq) HNO2(aq) HIO (aq)

  22. Acids & Bases VII. Strength of Bases -______ _____ are _____ that _________ _________ -______ (_______________), _____ (_________________), ______ (_________ _________), _____ (_______________), _______ (________________), and ______ (_______________) are all ______ _____ -______ _____ are _____ that ________ only ________ -________ (___________), ________ (__________), ____ (________), and ________ (______) are all _____ ______

  23. Acids & Bases VIII. Strength of Bases -the ________ ________ for __________ is: -the ____ __________ ________ __________ for the _________ of ___________ is:

  24. Acids & Bases VIII. Strength of Bases Write ionization equations and base ionization constant expressions for the following bases: C3H7NH2(aq) CO32-(aq) HSO3-(aq)

  25. Acids & Bases IX. Ion Product Constant for Water -the ________ ________ for ______ is: -the ________ ________ can be simplified to: -the __________ _______ __________ is:

  26. Acids & Bases IX. Ion Product Constant for Water -since _____ is a ______, its _____________ is equal to its _______, which is _______ at a _______ ___________ and ________, so the __________ _______ _________ can be simplified by __________ both sides by ______, creating the ___ _______ _______ ___ _____, ___ -at _____, the ____- _________ of _____ produces ____ = _________ and a ______ = _________, so ___ = _______

  27. Acids & Bases IX. Ion Product Constant for Water What is the concentration of the hydroxide ion in an aqueous solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 x 10-5M? Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral? What is the concentration of the hydrogen ion in an aqueous solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 1 x 10-3M? Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral?

  28. Acids & Bases X. pH (pondus hydrogenii) -in 1909, _____ ________ developed the ___ (________ _________) _____ as a way of conveniently expressing the ___________ of _____ and _____ What is the pH of water? What is the pH of an aqueous solution in which the [H+] = 1.0 x 10-2M?

  29. Acids & Bases Name________________ X. pH (pondus hydrogenii) 1. Hypothesis: What is the relationship between the concentration of an acid and its pH? 2. Prediction: 3. Gather Data: A. Safety: The acids used in this lab are corrosive and cause irritation and damage to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Avoid contact. Use caution. Goggles mandatory. B. Procedure: Serial Dilution 1. Using a pipette, place 10 drops of 1.0 M HCl in test well 1A of a microplate.

  30. Acids & Bases X. pH (pondus hydrogenii) 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 2. Rinse the pipette, and transfer 1 drop of acid solution from test well 1A to test well 2A, and add 9 drops of distilled water. 3. Repeat Step 2, transferring 1 drop of acid solution from test well 2A to test well 3A and adding 9 drops of distilled water . 4. Repeat Step 2 six more times, each time transferring 1 drop of acid solution from the previous test well and adding 9 drops of distilled water.

  31. Acids & Bases X. pH (pondus hydrogenii) 3. Gather Data: B. Procedure: 5. Test the pH in each well with pH indicator paper. Record. 6. Test the pH in each well with 1 drop of universal indicator solution. Record.

  32. Acids & Bases X. pH (pondus hydrogenii) 4. Analyze Data: A. What is [H+] in test well A4? ________________. B. What is [H+] in test well A6? ________________. C. What is the theoretical pH in test well A2? _______________. D. What is the theoretical pH in test well B2? _______________. E. The color of pH paper in test well A1 was _______, indicating an approximate pH of _______. F. In test well A2 universal indicator was ________ in color. 5. Draw Conclusions: A. Each step in the serial dilution ____________ the concentration of the hydrogen ion by a factor of _______ and __________ the pH by a factor of _______

  33. Acids & Bases XI. pOH (potential Hydroxide) -the _______, or ________, of a _______ can be expressed by the ____, or ________ _________: What is the pOH of water? What is the pH of an aqueous solution in which the [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-3M? What is the pOH of an aqueous solution in which the [OH-] = 1.00 x 10-6M?

  34. Acids & Bases XI. pOH (potential Hydroxide) What is the pH and the pOH of an aqueous solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 1.0 x 10-6M? Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral? What is the pH and the pOH of an aqueous solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 6.5 x 10-4M? Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral? What is the pH and the pOH of an aqueous solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 3.6 x 10-9M? Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral?

  35. Acids & Bases XI. pOH (potential Hydroxide) What is the hydrogen ion concentration and the hydroxide ion concentration of a person’s blood that has a pH of 7.40 at 298 K? What is the hydrogen ion concentration and the hydroxide ion concentration of an aqueous solution that has a pH of 2.37 at 298 K? What is the hydrogen ion concentration and the hydroxide ion concentration of a person’s blood that has a pH of 11.05 at 298 K?

  36. Acids & Bases XII. Calculating pH of Strong Acids and Strong Bases What is the pH of a 1.0 M HI solution? What is the pH of a 0.050 M HNO3 solution? What is the pOH of a 2.4 x 10-5M Mg(OH)2 solution?

  37. Acids & Bases XIII. Calculating pH of Weak Acids and Weak Bases What is Ka of a 0.100 M formic (methanoic) acid solution with pH 2.38?

  38. Acids & Bases XIII. Calculating pH of Weak Acids and Weak Bases What is Ka of a 0.220 M arsenic acid solution with pH 1.50?

  39. Acids & Bases XIII. Calculating pH of Weak Acids and Weak Bases What is Ka of a 0.0400 M chlorous acid solution with pH 1.80?

  40. Acids & Bases XIII. Calculating pH of Weak Acids and Weak Bases What is Ka of a 1.000 M propanoic acid solution with pH 2.43?

  41. Acids & Bases XIV. Neutralization -when an ____ and a ____ _____, the resulting _______ has _________ that are characteristic of _______ an ____ or a ____ -a ____________ _______ is a ______- ___________ _______ in which an ____ and a ____ react in _______ ________ to produce a ____ and _____ -a ____ is an _____ _________ made up of the ______ from the ____ and the _____ from the ____ -the ___ _____ ________ for a ____________ _______ is:

  42. Acids & Bases XIV. Neutralization Write the complete balanced thermochemical equations for the following neutralization reactions and name the products: Nitric acid + Cesium hydroxide Hydrobromic acid + Calcium hydroxide Sulfuric acid + Potassium hydroxide

  43. Acids & Bases XV. Titration -a _______is a method for determining an ________ ____________ of a solution by _______ a ______ ______ of a _______ solution of ______ ____________ -to find the ________ ___________ of a ______ ______ of ____ solution, you can ______ the solution with a ______ ______ of an ____ solution of ______ ____________

  44. Acids & Bases XV. Titration What is the molarity of a CsOH solution if 30.0 mL of the solution is neutralized by 26.4 mL of 0.250 M HBr solution? What is the molarity of a nitric acid solution if 20.00 mL of the solution is neutralized by 43.33 mL of 0.1000 M KOH solution?

  45. Acids & Bases XV. Titration -during the course of a _______, a known _______ of a _______ of known ___________ is added until the __________ _____ is reached, at which the _______ of ______ of ____ equals the _______ of ______ of _____ -corresponding closely with the __________ _____ is the ___ _____, at which the ________ changes _____

  46. Acids & Bases XVI. Buffered Solutions -_______ are _________ that _____ changes in ___ -a ______ is a _______ of a _____ ____ and its _________ ____

  47. Acids & Bases XVI. Buffered Solutions -a ______ can also be a _______ of a _____ ____ and its _________ ____

  48. Acids & Bases XVI. Buffered Solutions What is the pH of buffer system made by mixing equal amounts of H2PO4- and HPO42-?

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