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TIME MEASUREMENT AND TRANSFER

TIME MEASUREMENT AND TRANSFER. Aynur Delibaş - Senem Beken 504051504 504051527 Interconnection Protocols Due to: 20.12.2005. Objectives.

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TIME MEASUREMENT AND TRANSFER

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  1. TIME MEASUREMENT AND TRANSFER Aynur Delibaş - Senem Beken 504051504 504051527 Interconnection Protocols Due to: 20.12.2005

  2. Objectives • Measurement of time interval of a particle passing between two sensors and transfering the measured time from microcontroller to PC and then from PC to mobile phone.

  3. Platforms Used • Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 • Turbo C • ADuC software • Compile and debug (ASPIRE.exe) • Assembler (ASM51.exe) • Downloader (WSD.exe) • Borland JBuilderX • Ircomm2K • Nokia Developer’s Suite 3.0

  4. System Requirements • Intel Pentium III 600 Mhz microprocessor • 128 MB RAM • ADUC814 mini kit • Motion detectors • RS232 cable • IRDA module

  5. Hardware Components • ADuC814 microcontroller • 28 pins, 8 bits • 8051 compatible • 6 channels ADC & 12 bits DAC • 3-5 V power supply • No need for an additional program loading card • On-chip program download feature from serial port • RS232 cable • For loading assembler code to the microcontroller • For writing data to serial port

  6. Motion Detectors • Detects the particles moving • Products signal with the changement of the voltage • Working on negative logic • The output voltage is 12 V. To decrease the voltage to the logic 1(5 V), a voltage divisor is used. • Easy installation, portable, low price

  7. Assembler Code • Intel 8051 assembler language • Using interrupts and timers • Main program waits for signal coming from the first motion detector. • After taking the signal from the first motion detector, time counting starts. • When a signal comes from the second detector, time counting ends. • The millisecond and second values of measured time are written to the serial port via RS232 cable.

  8. Assembler Code • DEF.ASM: Code piece which contains the definitions of variables that are used in the program. The variables used for measuring time: ON_MSN, YUZ_MSN, SANIYE • INITIAL.ASM: Code piece which contains the default value assignments for the time variables , configuration of UART for 9600 baud, setting timer so that it produces an interrupt for each 10 ms and enabling all interrupts.

  9. Assembler Code • TIMER0.ASM: Code piece which measures the time value by changing the values of ON_MSN, YUZ_MSN, SANIYE variables when an interrupt occurs(from the first sensor) • MAIN.ASM: Waits for interrupt from the first sensor. When interrupt occurs timer starts to count and TIMER0.ASM is called. When an interrupt comes from the second sensor, timer is set to zero. Time value is calculated and written to the serial port.

  10. RS232 Serial Communication • Communication standart that provides communication of peripheral devices with computer • Characters are sent bit by bit • Advantage: Easy connection • Disadvantage: When communication speed increases, cable length should be decreased to prevent losing data

  11. RS232 Serial Communication • RS232 defines bits as electrical signal: • Bit “1” : (-3)V – (-25)V • Bit “0” : (+3)V – (+25)V • Undefined signal: (-3)V – (+3)V • 9 pins RS232 connector:

  12. RS232 Serial Communication • For serial communication • Pin 5(GND) of microcontroller RS232 connector is connected to Pin5(GND) of PC RS232 connector • Pin 3(TxD) of microcontroller RS232 connector is connected to Pin2(RxD) of PC RS232 connector and vice versa • RS232 is a physical layer protocol of OSI model. It provides sending and receiving data on a carrier.

  13. Standard Serial Communication Interface(UART) • ADuC814 microcontroller has a serial communication unit UART • Timer2 is used to config baud rate • T2CON(Timer/Counter 2 Control Register) is configured MOV T2CON, #34h (0011 0100)

  14. Standard Serial Communication Interface(UART) • SCON register is configured for controlling serial I/O unit MOV SCON, #52h (0101 0010)

  15. Standard Serial Communication Interface(UART) • Baud Rate Table • The necessary configuration is done in the assembler code for serial communication by assigning the required values to the related registers for 9600 baud rate

  16. Standard Serial Communication Interface(UART) • Sending data to serial port • SBUF register is used • Character that will be sent to the serial port is written to SBUF register • Writing to serial port is done in a time interval • Before a new character is sent, it should be sure that the previous one is written successfully • This control is done by TI bit of SCON register. If bit is 1, then a new character can be sent.

  17. Standard Serial Communication Interface(UART) • Sending data to serial port • Example: Sending SANIYE variable to serial port MOV A, SANIYE MOV SBUF, A JNB TI, $ ; if TI = 1 sent operation is ; done CLR TI ; Clear TI for sending new ; character

  18. Standard Serial Communication Interface(UART) • Reading data from serial port • A C code was written • Turbo C compiler was used • Two functions of dos.h header are used int inportb(int portid); void outportb(int portid, unsigned char value); • Definition of COM1 Port base address: #define PORT1 0x3F8

  19. Standard Serial Communication Interface(UART) • UART register names and adresses

  20. Standard Serial Communication Interface(UART) • Bits of LCR register

  21. Standard Serial Communication Interface(UART) • Configuration of UART registers for 9600 baud rate //DLAB=1 for baudrate configuration outportb(PORT1+3,0x80); //baudrate 9600 bps outportb(PORT1+0,0x0C);//low byte outportb(PORT1+1,0x00);//high byte • Control whether the data comes from the serial port inportb(PORT1+5); • If data comes from the serial port, read data inportb(PORT1); • After these operations, data come from serial port is written to a text file to be used for the IRDA module.

  22. Results of Hardware Module • Time passing between two motion detectors are measured with the format second and millisecond. • Measured time value is written to the serial port. • With the code compiled with Turbo C, time value is read from the serial port. • Measured time value is written to a file.

  23. IrDA: General features • Inexpensive and widely adopted short range wireless technology • Designed to eliminate wires, connectors and their limitations • Replaces wires with a “virtual wire” • Key protocol features for easy operation for: • Inexperienced users • Devices with little user interface

  24. IrDA: General features • Communication in half duplex mode • During transmission, the device’s transceiver is blinded by the light of its own transmitter • Simulation of full duplex communication by the communicating devices.

  25. IrDA: General features • Transmission rates: • SIR (Serial IrDA): Speeds normally supported by RS-232 (9600 bps, 19.2 Kbps, 38.4 Kbps, 57.6 Kbps, 115.2 Kbps) • MIR (Medium IrDA): Unofficial term for .576 Mbps and 1.152 Mbps • FIR (Fast IrDA): Communication speed at 4Mbps • VFIR(Very Fast IrDA): Speeds up to 16 Mbps

  26. IrDA: General features • IrDA protocols organized in the traditional layered (stacked) architecture • Stack composed of mandatory (required to carry IrDA logo) and optional (for specific use models) layers

  27. Typical use model • Two devices: primary and secondary • Primary: • Responsible for selecting a device within its visual space (“device discovery”) • Establishes connection • Responsible for maintaining the communication on the virtual wire • Secondary: • Responses when “spoken to”

  28. Operation • Primary device initiates device discovery. • From the devices that respond, primary selects one and tries to connect to it • During connection establishment, devices negotiate to understand each other’s capabilities. • Once connection established, devices jump to their highest common connection speed and attempt to optimize throughput and reliability of connection.

  29. Required IrDA protocols

  30. Optional IrDA protocols • IrOBEX (IrDA Object Exchange) • IrCOMM • IrLPT (IrDA Line Printer Protocol) • IrTran-P (IrDA Transfer Picture) • IrMC (IrDA Mobile Communications) • RTCON (Real time transfer and control protocol) • JetSend (Created and licensed by HP for digital image transfer)

  31. Optional IrDA protocols • Optional IrDA protocols used in the project: IrCOMM, IrOBEX and also IrDA Lite which is not a protocol itself. • IrCOMM: • Designed to provide support for applications that run over COM ports • IrOBEX: • Best used in situations where objects (phone, address, calendar information etc.) are to be moved from one device to another

  32. Optional IrDA protocols • IrDA Lite: • Not a protocol itself • Renders minimal implementation on embedded devices to • Reduce memory consumption (two to five times reduction in RAM / ROM usage) • Enable devices to still interoperate with full featured IrDA stacks • Result: Reduction in operation speed (9600 bps), throughput and removal of non-essential features from the stack

  33. Implementation • Client-server architecture • Server side: • Implemented in C++ using Microsoft Platform SDK • Runs on a PC • Reads data from a file, opens the IrDA port and writes to it • The IrDA port treated like a “casual” COM port thanks to the IrCOMM2K virtual COM port driver

  34. IrCOMM protocol support in MS OS • Support since Microsoft Windows 2000 • Two possible protocol implementations on the OS side: • Providing a virtual COM port which behaves like an actual COM port (existing programs do not have to be rewritten.) • Providing an interface for applications that use IRCOMM protocol

  35. IrCOMM protocol support in MS OS • Microsoft’s choice: (2nd approach) All existing programs had to be ported to Windows 2000 using Windows Socket API which supports a simplified version of IRCOMM protocol • IRCOMM2K’s role: • A COM port can only be realized as a driver in kernel space. • The Winsock API is designed for user space applications and cannot be directly used by kernel drivers.

  36. IRCOMM2K architecture

  37. Implementation (cntd) • Client side: • Implemented in J2ME as a MIDlet application • Runs on a mobile phone • Waits for a connection, reads data from the IrDA port and displays the result on the phone’s screen • JSR-82 • Java APIs for Bluetooth Wireless Technology (JABWT) • Composed of two independent optional packages • Core Bluetooth API • OBEX (Object Exchange)

  38. Bluetooth protocol stack

  39. Implementation (cntd) • L2CAP (logical link control and adaptation protocol) • Packet oriented multiplexing layer designed for higher leverl protocols (RFCOMM, SDP) • It can be used when the application needs to control bytes in a single packet • RFCOMM: • Emulates a serial connection • Used for stream oriented connections

  40. Implementation (cntd) • OBEX: • Originally introduced by Infrared Data Association • High level API and protocol for exchanging objects • Connections of the types named above are based on GCF (Generic Connection Framework), a hierarchy of interfaces and classes to create connections and perform I/O.

  41. Why RFCOMM? • Emulates serial connection • Selected mobile device does not have OBEX support • No need to control bytes in packets • Easy to handle connections and perform operations on them with the help of the GCF.

  42. Encountered problems • JABWT has to be compatible with CLDC (connected limited device configuration) Problems with the CLDC 1.0 because of missing floating point support • No standard implementation: Phone manufacturers do not have to implement optional protocols and may omit implementing parts of them

  43. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION…

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