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Population Exposure to Air Pollution (PEOPLE: Population Exposure to Air Pollutants in Europe)

Population Exposure to Air Pollution (PEOPLE: Population Exposure to Air Pollutants in Europe) Emissions and Health Unit Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) Ispra, Italy http://ies.jrc.cec.eu.int http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int. The PEOPLE behind PEOPLE Citizens:

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Population Exposure to Air Pollution (PEOPLE: Population Exposure to Air Pollutants in Europe)

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  1. Population Exposure to Air Pollution (PEOPLE: Population Exposure to Air Pollutants in Europe) Emissions and Health Unit Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) Ispra, Italy http://ies.jrc.cec.eu.int http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int

  2. The PEOPLE behind PEOPLE Citizens: 2000 screened and 1000 participated • Robert Field, Pascual Perez Ballesta, Antonia Baeza, Richard Connolly, Natale Cao, Emile De Saeger and Giovanni De Santi • Pascal DeMulder and Sandrine Bladt for Brussels (1) • Ana Cabral, Pedro Ferraz de Abreu, Francisco Ferreira, Hugo Tente, Luisa Nogueira for Lisbon (6) • Matej Gregoric and Peter Otorepec for Ljubljana (2) • Emilia Niciu for Bucharest (1) • Rosalia Fernandez and David Galan for Madrid (1) • Martin Fitzpatrick, Anne Marie McCarten and Pat Goodman for Dublin (2)

  3. PEOPLE project: Population Exposure to Air Pollutants in Europe Madrid 03 December 2003 Bucharest Ljubljana 27 May 2003 AIRPECO/APHEIS Brussels Dublin 28 April 2004 Lisbon Anti Smoking Legislation 22 October 2002 Indoor Air Quality

  4. Main PEOPLE Objectives Assessment of human exposure to air pollution Air monitoring network design and validation Support to local, national and European decision making Improving public awareness of air quality Comparison between European cities

  5. All air quality roads lead to health impact Ambient Air quality surrogate for human exposure? • Are monitoring sites representative of the air we breath? • Most monitoring at background sites (Pollutant dependent) • Less “hot spot” sites (Country dependent) • Different focus for indoor monitoring • Influence of personal choices on exposure levels A real need for human exposure data

  6. PEOPLE PERSONAL EXPOSURE AMBIENT LEVELS SMOKERS NON SMOKERS INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS OTHER CHILDREN COMMUTER CONTROL HOMES LOCATIONS CITY SCHOOLS BACKGROUND PERSONAL PUBLIC WALK OR CAR OFFICES TRANSPORT CYCLING AND SHOPS HOT SPOTS BUS BARS TRAM METRO Support from citizens Support from local authorities

  7. Project planning discussion with the JRC Week 1 Set-up SQ Data base management & procedures Invitation e-mail and post lists web-pages RADIO adverts NEWSPAPER adverts Press releases Selection of Environmental monitoring sites INDOOR AND OUTDOOR Press Conference Target of 500 screening questionnaires entered into master data-base Start screening for Personal Exposure volunteers Input from JRC Week 5 Volunteers selected within specified categories Confirmation of volunteers participation Week 7 Arrangement of post sampling meeting Training in operation of sampler 1 week prior to campaign day DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLERS DAY OF CAMPAIGN Launch Event Week 8 Sampler collection Week 9 Return of materials to JRC

  8. Sampling Techniques from 12 to 24 hours Diffusive Sampling Techniques (Benzene and Aromatic Compounds) Low Volume Samplers (PM10 and speciation: PAH, HM)

  9. Outdoor ambient air levels Benzene : Median 4.1 µg/m3

  10. Indoor ambient Environments Aged Fresh

  11. Benzene exposure levels

  12. Case Study: Madrid

  13. Movement diary • Simple one side diary questions on reverse side • Used to provide data and ensure sample integrity • Sampler and diary are easy to use

  14. Multivariable regression based on the movement diaries and exposure values

  15. Exposure factors

  16. Median time of activities for Madrid sample

  17. Average Exposure Level for 12 hours B 8.5 µg/m3 B Smoker 14.8 µg/m3

  18. Average Exposure Level for 12 hours A 10.6 µg/m3 A Smoker 16.8 µg/m3

  19. Median CBG benzene concentration = 4.1 µg/m3 (day of the campaign) Position of Madrid campaign day in 2003 Median CBG benzene concentration = 3.4 µg/m3 (annual average)

  20. A tale of six cities

  21. Relating ambient air with population exposure 12 hours working day

  22. Conclusions • Traffic was identified as the major source of outdoor pollution. • Indoor pollution levels were controlled by external air quality and presence of indoor emission sources. • Exposure factors were estimated for Aromatic compounds within different microenvironments. • Preliminary assessment indicates that population exposure can be adequately measured in snapshot campaign studies. • Ambient background and hotspot concentration levels can be used as indicators for the general exposure level of the population to gaseous pollutants.

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