Using GIS to Display Well Bore Stratigraphy and Analytical Data in 3D

1. Using GIS to Display Well Bore Stratigraphy and Analytical Data in 3D April 9th, 2009 Graham S. Hayes, Ph.D., GISP Wendel Duchscherer Architects & Engineers

2. Presentation Outline • GIS Overview • Data Formats and Sources • 3D Data Manipulation • Hamden, CT Case Study • Discussion

3. 123 Map Graphics (spatial data) 123 Tabular Databases (attributes) What is a GIS?Geographic Information System • Management tool for maps & databases • Two types of information: spatial data (location) and attribute data (descriptive) • Capture, store, retrieve, analyze and display data • Information stored in thematic layers

4. GIS Models Real World Objects as Graphic Features • Points • Lines • Polygons • Text

5. Presentation Outline • GIS Overview • Data Formats and Sources • 3D Data Manipulation • Hamden, CT Case Study • Discussion

6. Data Formats and Sources • Attributes • Locations, elevations, depth, sample results, etc. • Excel, Access, GINT, text files, etc. • Map Features • Vector • Points, Lines & Polygons • Attribute tables, CAD, GPS • Raster • Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) • Aerial Photos & Scanned USGS maps • Triangular Irregular Networks (TINs)

7. Data Formats and Sources (continued) • Keys for Successful Attributes • Gather or compute X,Y and Z values if possible. Be consistent in recording elevations (e.g. ground, riser, casing, etc.) • Store text in text fields, numbers in numeric fields. • Don’t store depth ranges in mixed units in a single field.

8. Data Formats and Sources (continued) • Keys for Successful Attributes (continued) • Use standard naming conventions for wells-IDs, sample-IDs, etc. (e.g. MW-105a; MW 105 a; MW105A) • Be consistent in applying the standards. Relational databases live and die based on common IDs between tables. ? ? ? ? ? ?

9. Data Formats and Sources (continued) • Keys for Successful Map Features • Gather available basemap data from USGS and state GIS data clearing houses (e.g. DEMs, DOQQs, USGS quad sheets, basemap shapefiles, etc.) • Use real world coordinates (state plane feet NAD83, UTM, etc.) • CAD data should be in model space (not paper space or mixed model and paper space) • Elevation data in CAD should be stored as block attributes not just as text • Avoid inset maps in CAD if porting data to GIS

10. Presentation Outline • GIS Overview • Data Formats and Sources • 3D Data Manipulation • Hamden, CT Case Study • Discussion

11. 3D Data Manipulation • Data Creation • Create 3D surfaces from XYZ values • Raster GRIDs from point data • TINs from point, line and polygon data • Derive contours from 3D surfaces • Compute areas and volumes from 3D surfaces • Convert 2D vector data to 3D data • Perform visualization studies

12. 3D Data Manipulation (continued) • Data Visualization • Drape 2D or image data over raster or TIN surfaces • Represent sample locations in 3D • Extrude or offset 2D data by constant or attribute (e.g. building height, bore hole depth, thickness, etc.) • Symbolize attribute values by color and size • Set transparency and illumination • Create “fly through” animations

13. Presentation Outline • GIS Overview • Data Formats and Sources • 3D Data Manipulation • Hamden, CT Case Study • Discussion

14. Hamden, Connecticut • Since the early 1900’s, residents and factories in Hamden, CT dumped refuse into a low lying wetland. • In 1932, Olin Corporation purchased Winchester Firearms and continued the practice of dumping slag and ash from their factory in the municipal dump. • As recent as 1972, homes, parks, a school and sports fields have been constructed on top of the now filled wetland.

15. Hamden, Connecticut (continued) • An environmental study determined that hazardous materials were present and remediation was necessary. • Hired as a technical consultant by the law firm representing Olin Corporation to perform a forensic review of the landfill to: • determine the source and volume of the waste material • establish the timing and aerial extent of the landfill • visualize the relationships between the waste material and the hazardous chemical components.

16. 1998 aerial photo showing the outline of the fill area.

17. 1934 1949 1965 1970 1975 1980 1949 Summary of Filling at Hamden Middle School 1943

18. Historic photo (1980) draped over digital elevation model

19. 3D view of the original wetland elevation surface prior to filling

20. 3D view of the current elevation surface after filling

21. 3D view of the study area.

22. 3D view of the fill area and the contours of total fill thickness

23. Concentration of Arsenic (mg/kg) above the RDEC of 10 mg/kgLarger symbols indicate higher concentrations.

24. Concentration of Lead (mg/kg) above the RDEC of 400 mg/kg.Larger symbols indicate higher concentrations.

25. Concentration of Benzo(a)pyrene (ug/kg) above the RDEC of 1,000 ug/kg. Larger symbols indicate higher concentrations.

26. Aerial distribution and total thickness of all fill classes greater than 1.5 ft thick (4 foot contour interval).

27. Aerial distribution and total thickness of refuse fill greater than 1.5 ft thick (4 foot contour interval).

28. Aerial distribution and total thickness of waste fill greater than 1.5 ft thick (4 foot contour interval).

29. Aerial distribution and total thickness of clean fill greater than 1.5 ft thick (4 foot contour interval).

30. Tan = clean fillGrey= waste fillGreen = refuse fill Landfill Stratigraphy & Geochemistry Red= ArsenicGreen= LeadLight blue= Benzo(a)pyrene

31. Presentation Outline • GIS Overview • Data Formats and Sources • 3D Data Manipulation • Hamden, CT Case Study • Discussion